北师大英语必修一 全套知识点（精选9篇）
政治制度的演变：
【汉朝】汉承秦制
有所变化中央设三公(相、御史大夫、太尉)
中朝决策机构
外朝执行机构
尚书台中枢机构
【魏晋南北朝】逐步形成三省体制
【隋朝】尚书省、中书省、门下省为中央政府统治机构
【唐朝】中书省掌决策，负责草拟和颁发皇帝诏令
尚书省负责执行政令。下设吏、户、礼、兵、刑、工六部。
门下省掌审议，负责审核政令。
三省相互牵制和监督，削弱了相权，保证了皇权的独尊。
【宋代】二府中书门下行政机构
枢密院军政机构
参知政事副相，分割宰相的行政权
三司使管理财政，分割宰相的财权
【元朝】
中书省行政机构
枢密院军事机构
宣政院统领宗教事务和管理西藏地区
2、地方
政治制度的演变：
【汉朝】汉初，郡国并行制;汉武帝后期：设刺史制度
【隋唐唐中后期】地方军镇长官节度使越设越多，发展成藩镇割据局面
【宋】文臣做地方官;州县两级制
【元】在地方实行行省制度，行省之下，分别为路、府、州、县。
行省制度加强了中央集权，巩固了多民族国家的统一。它的创立，是地方行政制度的重大变革。
Lesson 3 Weddings
Teaching goals
1.target language
a. Key words and phrases
bride; bridegroom; best man; entrance; invitation; even if; ceremony; attend; Indonesian; ought; contribute; Greek; crown; ribbon; link
b. Key sentences
①. If you are a man, you ought to wear a tie.
②. You don’t have to contribute a lot of money.
③. You ought not to go to the ceremony because it is only for close family.
④. There is a lot of eating, drinking and dancing, including the famous Greek circle dance, where everyone joins in.
⑤. On the day of Greek wedding ceremony, the bridegroom has to ask the bride’s father for his daughter’s hand in marriage.
⑥. A long silk ribbon that links the crowns is a symbol of a long and happy life for the couple.
2. Ability goals
Enable the students to know two typical weddings.
Develop students’ ability of basic reading strategies of bottom-up and top-down.
3. Learning ability goals
To read a text for specific information.
To read a text for new information.
By using the strategies of bottom-up and top-down, students will learn to generalize and collect information.
Teaching important points
To practice reading in order to understand the main idea of each paragraph and guess the meaning of new words from the context.
Important words and phrases.
Teaching difficult points
Guide the students to pick out the main clue of the passage and the development method of the text.
Students may mistakes with the use of the infinitive with or without to.
Teaching methods
1. Team work learning.
2. Task-based learning.
Teaching aids
A projector and some slides.
Teaching procedures
Step Ⅰ Revision
Task one: check words and expressions
T: Let’s check the homework.
Step Ⅱ Lead-in
Task one: T: In this unit, we’re learning a lot about celebration. And this lesson, we’re going to read two passages about weddings. The first has been adapted from a website giving advice to English-speaking people working in Indonesia. And the second is about weddings in Greece.
Step Ⅲ Pre-reading
Task one: Background information input.
T: Now please turn to Page40 and look at Before you start and Exercise1.
Encourage students to talk about weddings they have been to. Use the opportunity to elicit or present useful vocabulary for the topic, e.g. reception, bride, bridegroom, ceremony.
Task two: Exercise2. Students look at the words and see if they can guess the meanings of some of the words from their knowledge of other words in English.
Step Ⅳ While-reading
Task one: Read to learn
Exercise3. Ask students if they have tried to find information about customs (not necessarily) in other countries on the Internet-If so, what did they find out?
Students read the statements first and predict what the answers will be.
Then they read the texts and find out if their predictions were correct.
Step Ⅴ Post-reading
Task one: Questions and Answers
T: Now let’s check the answers.
When checking students’ answers, ask them to read out the section of text that gives the information and to correct the false statements.
Task two: Pair work
In pairs, students study the text again and write down three “true/false” statements of their own. All the students then close their books and, in turn, say one of their statements and the rest of the class says whether it is true or false. (1.F 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.F 6.T)
Step Ⅵ Discussion
Task one: Read and discuss
Get students to read the text and discuss in pairs.
Task two: Discuss and explore
Ask students to discuss the main idea and what they’ve learnt from the text.
Step Ⅶ Homework
1. Go over the words and phrases.
2. Finish off the exercises in Language Power.
Writing on the blackboard
1. the entrance key answer invitation to…..;
2. attend a meeting a wedding school church;
3. contribute ideas food; contribute to a better understanding; make a contribution to
4. even if though--
5. marry sb mary sb to sb; be married to sb; got married to sb;
6. ought to do ; ought not to do;
一、重点短语
1.go through 经历，经受
get through 通过；完成；接通电话
2. set down 记下，放下
3. a series of 一系列
4. on purpose 有目的的
5. in order to 为了
6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻
7. face to face 面对面
8. fall in love 爱上
9. join in 参加（某个活动）；
take part in 参加（活动）
join 加入（组织，团队，并成为其中一员）
10. calm down 冷静下来
11. suffer from 遭受
12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦
13. be concerned about 关心
14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽
15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…
16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…
17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…
18. too much 太多（后接不可数n.）
much too 太…(后接adj.)
19. not…until 直到… 才
20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做… 并不开心
21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…
2、老爷爷种树，每隔2米种一棵，共种了4棵，从第一棵到第四棵相隔()米。
3、小朋友上公园，小胖从左边排头数起是第7个，从右边排头数起是第4个，这个队伍一共有()人。
4、+=15++=22
=()=()
5、A8+1B=76，A+B=()
6、有一些5元、2元和平1元币，要从中取出10元钱，共有()少种取法。
7、今年我比妹妹大3岁，明年妹妹比我小()岁。
8、学学校样舞蹈比赛，四(3)班排成了方队，无论从前数，从后数，从左数还是从右数，小刚都是第3个，这个队伍共有()人。
9、有14个小朋友玩老鹰捉小鸡的游戏，已经捉住了5只小鸡，还有()只小鸡没有被捉住。
10左边的图形中一共有()个长方形。
11、+=7+=12+=13++=16
=()=()=()
一、重点短语
1.go through 经历，经受
get through 通过;完成;接通电话
2. set down 记下，放下
3. a series of 一系列
4. on purpose 有目的的
5. in order to 为了
6. at dusk 傍晚，黄昏时刻
7. face to face 面对面
8. fall in love 爱上
9. join in 参加(某个活动);
take part in 参加(活动)
join 加入(组织，团队，并成为其中一员)
10. calm down 冷静下来
11. suffer from 遭受
12. be/get tired of…对…感到厌倦
13. be concerned about 关心
14. get on/along well with 与…相处融洽
15. be good at/do well in 擅长于…
16. find it + adj. to do sth. 发现做某事是…
17. no longer / not …any longer 不再…
18. too much 太多(后接不可数n.)
much too 太…(后接adj.)
19. not…until 直到… 才
20. it’s no pleasure doing sth 做… 并不开心
21. make sb. sth. 使某人成为…
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
二、语法----直接引语和间接引语
概念：直接引语：直接引述别人的原话。一般前后要加引号。
间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语在多数情况下可构成宾语从句且不要加引号。
例： Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.”
Mr. Black said that he was busy.
变化规则
(一)陈述句的变化规则
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that(可省略)引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。
人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思
例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.” → He said that he liked it very much.
2. He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.”
→ He told me that he had left his book in my room.
时态的变化
例：
“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.
→Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
The boy said, “I’m using a knife.”
→ The boy said that he was using a knife.
▲注意：如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变，如：
He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
(二) 祈使句的变化规则
如果直接引语是祈使句，变为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并根据句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等动词，如果祈使句是否定句，在不定式前面还要加上not。例：
The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.”
→ The hostess asked us to sit down.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→ He told the boys not to make so much noise.
(三)疑问句的变化规则
如果直接引语是疑问句，变为间接引语时要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序，句末用句号。
一般疑问句：如果直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词是say或said时，要改为 ask 或asked,原问句变为由if/whether 引导的宾语从句。例:
“Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says.
→ The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.
2) 特殊疑问句：如果间接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，仍用原来的引导词，但疑问句要变为陈述句。例：
“What do you want?” he asked me.
1. Word bank
1) The adjectives which can describe Brain’s or Bob’s life:
I think Brain’s life is
Bob’s life is
2 Branch bank
1) The TV programmes that Brian usually watches:
2) Other TV programmes you know:
3) Other useful expressions and collocations in this lesson:
3.
1) Try to find diffierences Brian Bob I
In the morning gets up late,
… gets up early,
…
In the afternoon
In the evening
My feeling:
2) Try to find the similarities Both Brian and Bob …
2. Writing (Homework)
Module 1
set foot on 进入;到达
in case of 如果;一旦
in the form of 以…的形式
stand out 突出;显眼
in particular 特别;尤其
aim to do sth 目标是，目的在于
overcome the difficulties 克服困难
come into sight 进入视野;看得见
break up 碎开;破碎;破裂
come up with 想出
take a risk 冒险;担风险
keep up one’s spirits 振作精神
keep one’s promise 信守诺言
make a promise 做出承诺
break one’s promise 违背诺言
miss out 省略
in (great) detail 详细地
Module 2
in history 历史上
in the history of 在…的历史上
on behalf of 代表
get tired of doing sth 厌倦做…
even if 即使
more than 不仅仅
begin with 以…作为开始
contrast with 与…有反差
go hand in hand with 携手前进;共同行动
cut up 切碎
think hard 仔细想;深思
or so 大约
end up 结束;以…为结局
tax on 对…征税
make an attempt to do sth 试图做
what’s more 而且
turn up 出现;露面
be thirsty for 渴求;渴望
by hand 手工的，用手工
find one’s way to 到达…
be available to sb 可被…利用或得到的
Module 3
by nature 生性;天性;本性
in nature 实际上;事实上
make out 理解
make up for 弥补
in short 简言之;总之
set fire to 放火烧…
on close/bad/good…terms with sb 与…关系密切/不好…
be referred to as 被认为是
much to the horror of sb 令…深感恐惧的是
go against 违背
be against 反对
on the dot 准时
as a rule 一般来说
leave out 遗漏;省略;不加考虑
dress up as 打扮成
dress up 打扮;装饰
transform…into… 把…改变成
be likely to do 有可能做
eat up 吃光
Module 4
tell…apart 区分;分开
lie in 位于;在于
in conclusion 结论是
a huge amount of 大量
get down to (doing) sth 开始着手做…
let sb down 让…失望
have sth in common 有共同点
be superior to 优于;胜过
get held up in traffic 陷入交通堵塞中
a straight answer 直接的答案/回复
convey a concept 传递观念
A be relevant to B A和B有关
feel depressed 感到郁闷/压抑
adapt to local conditions 调整以适应当地条件
classify sth into 把…归类为…
make sense 有道理
make no sense 没有道理;胡说
sth be meant for 专门为…准备/设计
regard…as… 把…看作…
investigate the incident 调查事件
be of significance 有意义的
Module 5
turn in 转身进入;交出;上交
in spite of 尽管
other than 不同于;除了;非
at the very beginning of 在.. 的开始
set out ( to do) 出发;开始做…
a series of 一系列的
be similar to 和… 相似
set sth. in motion 使…开始
be aware of 知道;意识到
become aware of 开始意识到
in shock 处于极度震惊状态
make an impact on 给…留下深刻印象/巨大影响
pray for 祈望;祈祷
accuse sb of doing sth 指责/控告某人做某事
short cuts 捷径
foresee the possibility of doing sth 预见到做某事的可能性
Module 6
wave one’s hands 挥手
approve of 赞成某事
cater for 满足…的要求
correspond with 与…通信
as far as 远到
at the same time 同时
hand in hand 手拉手
make a new discovery做出新发现
A as well as B 不但A而且B
think of…as… 把…看作
catch hold of 抓住
on second thought(s) 重新考虑后
try doing sth 尝试做某事
try to do 尽力去做某事
refer to 谈及;涉及
refer to sb/sth as 称某人/某物为…
a way of doing sth/to do sth做某事的方法
face to face 面对面
sense of humor 幽默感
(回归课本P12)She’s kind and patient ...
她和蔼，又有耐心……
be patient with sb.对某人有耐心黚e patient of sth.对某事有耐心黳atience n.耐心；耐性黚e out of patience with ...对……忍无可忍黽ith patience＝patiently(adv.) 耐心地
【归纳总结】
①Louise was very patient with me when I was ill and crabby.
在我生病而且脾气乖戾的日子里，路易丝对我很有耐心。
②I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible.Just have a little patience.
我会尽快调查这件事，请耐心一点。
【例句探源】
1．-What is he like?
-He is patient________others and ________hardships.
A．with；of B．with；to
C．of；with D．to；with
解析：选A。根据短语搭配得出答案。be patient with sb.对某人有耐心；be patient of sth.对某事有耐心。
【即境活用】
2.完成句子
The young nurse ________________________.
这位年轻的护士对病人很有耐心。
答案：is patient with her patients
② avoid vt. (故意)避开；避免
(回归课本P12)She avoids making you feel stupid!
她避免让你感到自己愚笨！
avoid (doing)sth.逃避(做)某事黣scape doing sth.逃脱做某事黦et away with＋n.逃避……责任黤lee＋n.从……逃走黭eep away from远离
【归纳总结】
①She tried to avoid answering my questions.
她试图避而不答我的问题。
②She braked suddenly and avoided an accident.
她紧急刹车，避免了一场车祸。
③(高考浙江卷)Perhaps it is because they offer an opportunity to avoid facing the fact that our real choices in this culture are far more limited than we would like to imagine.
也许这是因为他们提供了一个机会来避免面对这一事实，即在这一文化中我们真正的选择比我们愿意想像的要有限的多。
【例句探源】
3.We should try to ________making the same mistake again.
A．delay B．avoid
C．imagine D．admit
解析：选B。四个动词都可以跟Ming作宾语，而根据句子的意思判断，使用avoid。句意：“我们应该尽力避免再犯同样的错误。”
4．完成句子
This article tells you how to ____________ while travelling.
这篇文章告诉你怎样在旅行期间防止生病。
答案：avoid getting ill
【即境活用】
③ appreciate vt. 感激；欣赏；充分理解，明白；增值
Some of our class don’t like her，but most of us really appreciate her because her teaching is so well organised and clear.
(回归课本P12)我们班有的同学不喜欢她，但大多数同学都欣赏她，因为她的课讲得清楚条理。
【归纳总结】
【注意】appreciate 后不能接人作宾语。
①We greatly appreciate your timely help.
我们非常感激你们的及时帮忙。
②I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad two years ago.
我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。
③I would appreciate it if you would turn the music down.
如果你把音乐关小一些，我将不胜感激。
④(高考北京卷)It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me.
我花了很长时间才能够完全理解他们为我做的一切。
【例句探源】
5．As I will be away for a long time，I’d appreciate ________from you now and then ________me how everyone is getting along.
A．hearing；tellB．to hear；tell
C．hearing；telling D．to hear；to tell
解析：选C。句意：因为我要离开一段时间，所以你要时常写信告诉我每个人的情况，那我将十分感激。第一个空为appreciate doing sth.高兴干某事；第二个空为动词的Ming形式作状语。
【即境活用】
6.完成句子
I would ____________ you could help us with the job.
如果你能在工作上帮助我们，我将不胜感激。
答案：appreciate it if
④ admit vt. 承认(错误、罪行等)；容纳，接收；准许进入
(或使用)，让……享有(to)
(回归课本P12)And a few students even admit liking her!
一些学生甚至承认喜欢她！
【归纳总结】
①You have to admit what the teacher said was right.
你不得不承认老师说的是对的。
②She admitted having broken the traffic rules.
她承认违反了交通规则。
③He was happy to be admitted to Beijing Normal University.
被北师大录取了，他很高兴。
④The meeting room can admit 200 people.
这个会议室能容纳200人。
【例句探源】
7．(高考全国卷Ⅱ)If you leave the club，you will not be ________back in.
A．received B．admitted
C．turned D．moved
解析：选B。考查动词辨析。句意：如果你退出该俱乐部，人家就不会重新接受你。短语 be admitted in/into 表示“被录取，被接受”，符合句意。
【即境活用】
8.Little Tom admitted________in the examination，________that he wouldn’t do that in future.
A．to cheat；to promise
B．cheating；promise
C．having cheated；promising
D．to have cheated；promised
解析：选C。admit having done sth.“承认做过某事”，promise表示的动作是由主语little Tom 主动发出的故用v.ing 形式。若用过去式作谓语则需要加并列连词 and。
⑤ respect vt. 尊敬，尊重
n．[C] 着眼点，方面，细节；(pl.)敬意，问候；重视；关心；照顾；[U]尊敬，尊重
(回归课本P12) I respect him a lot. 我很尊敬他。
respect sb./sth. for sth.因某事尊敬某人/事黶end/give my respects to代我向……问好黫n every respect在每一方面黶how/have respect for sb.尊敬某人黽ith respect尊敬地with respect to 关于黫n respect of关于
【归纳总结】
①Children should show respect for their teachers.
孩子们应对老师表示尊敬。
②Molly always told us exactly what she thought ，and we respected her for that.
莫莉总是与我们坦诚相见，我们为此敬佩她。
③Please give my respects to your parents.
请代我向你父母问好。
④The plan is faulty in every respect.
无论从哪方面来看，这项计划都不完善。
⑤(高考重庆卷)Now I try to treat everyone with respect.
现在我尽力尊敬地对待每一个人。
【例句探源】
9．Our school held a ceremony the day before yesterday________Professor Chen Ligang who has been teaching here wholeheartedly for more than 30 years.
A．in place of B．with regard to
C．in honor of D．with respect to
解析：选C。考查短语的辨析。in place of 代替；with regard to 关于，至于；in honor of 为了纪念……，为了对……表示敬意；with respect to 关于。举办仪式的目的是为了纪念这位从教30多年的教师，故C项符合。
【即境活用】
10.完成句子
________________，we don’t have to draw a conclusion here.
关于这个问题，我们没必要在此作结论。
答案： In respect of this problem
⑥ make sure 确定；确信；查明；弄清楚
(回归课本P11)Good teachers make sure that everyone in the class understands.
优秀老师确保每位学生都能理解他(她)的话。
【归纳总结】
①I think there is a train at 6 o’clock，but you’d better make sure.
我想6点钟有一班火车，但你最好查明白。
②You’d better make sure of the exact time of the arriving train.
你最好弄清楚火车到达的确切时间。
③I made sure that the rope was firmly fastened around his waist.
我检查了绳子，确保其牢牢系在他的腰部。
【例句探源】
④She doesn’t make sure whether she has locked the room.
她不能断定是否把房门锁上了。
⑤Be sure not to touch anything in the lab.
千万别碰实验室里的任何东西。
⑥No one knows for sure what happened.
谁也不知道究竟发生了什么事。
sure，certain
二者都可作表语，意为“确信的”，“对……有把握的”，“肯定的”等。多数情况下二者可以换用，但有时也有差异。
(1)sure的主语通常为指人的词；certain的主语既可以是指人的词，也可以是指事物的词。
(2)在祈使句中要用sure。在It is certain that...结构中certain不能换作sure。
①It is now certain that he won the election.
②The evidence is certain.
③Be sure_not to be late.
④I am not sure_/certain_whether I’ve met him before.
【易混辨析】
11．-It’s ________that our team will win the match.
-Don’t be so ________.
A．sure；certain B．certain；certain
C．sure；sure D．certain；sure
解析：选D。句意为：“我们队肯定会赢这场比赛。”“别那么肯定。” It’s certain that...表示“肯定……”，certain不能换作sure；祈使句中用sure不用certain，故答案为D。
【即境活用】
12.完成句子
________________________before you leave.
在你离开之前，确保关上所有的窗户。
答案：Make sure that all the windows are closed
⑦ as a result 结果
(回归课本P12)During scientific experiments，she explains exactly what is happening and as a result my work is improving.
在科学实验中，她准确讲解了正在发生的反应，因此我的功课也在提高。
【归纳总结】
①He was badly injured in the car accident. As a result，he couldn’t go to work.
他在车祸中严重受伤，因此，他不能上班了。
② As a result of the pilots’ strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.
由于飞行员罢工，所有航班都被迫取消了。
③The accident resulted in three deaths.
那起事故导致3人死亡。
④His failure resulted from not working hard enough.
他的失败是由工作不够努力造成的。
【例句探源】
13．(高考全国卷Ⅱ)Jenny nearly missed the flight ________doing too much shopping.
A．as a result of B．on top of
C．in front of D．in need of
解析：选A。句意是：Jenny 由于购物的时间太长而差一点儿就耽误了航班。根据前后部分的逻辑关系可知，此处要用as a result of 表示“由于”。on top of 在……顶端；in front of 在……前面；in need of 需要。
【即境活用】
14.As is known to us all，success usually________diligence while laziness can__________failure.
A．results from；lie in B．results in；lead to
C．results in；lie in D．results from；lead to
解析：选D。句意是：众所周知，成功通常来源于勤奋，而懒惰导致失败。第一个空用result from 表示“来自；作为……的结果”；result in 导致。第二个空用lead to 表示“导致”；lie in “在于”。
句型梳理
① 【教材原句】 She’s kind and patient, and she explains English grammar so clearly that even I can understand it！(P12)
她友好又耐心，并且她把英语语法解释得如此清楚，以致连我都能明白！
...Mrs. Li just smiles，so that you don’t feel completely stupid！(P12)
……李老师只是笑笑，因此你就不会感到自己是个大笨蛋！
【注意】
(1)“so＋adj./adv.”位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。
(2)so that 引导的目的状语从句常与can，could，may，might 等情态动词连用，从句前不用逗号；so that 引导的结果状语从句一般不与情态动词连用，从句前可用逗号隔开。
①We got up so early that we caught the first train.
＝We got up early so that we caught the first train.
＝We got up so early as to catch the first train.
我们起得这么早，结果赶上了第一班火车。
②Many contestants later failed drug tests，so that the race had to be rerun.
许多参赛者后来都没有通过药检，赛跑只得重新进行。
44
③H1N1 Flu travels so quickly that it has spread all over the world.
甲流传播如此之快以至于成为全球性的疾病。
④He told us so interesting a story that we all laughed.
＝He told us such an interesting story that we all laughed.
他给我们讲了一个这么有趣的故事，我们都大笑起来。
⑤It was such bad weather that they couldn’t go out.
天气如此糟糕以至于他们无法出去。
⑥So hard did he work that his boss decided to employ him as a formal staff.
他工作如此努力，因此老板决定正式聘用他。
15．(高考山东卷)So sudden __________that the enemy had no time to escape.
A．did the attackB．the attack did
C．was the attack D．the attack was
解析：选C。题干中的核心句式是so...that...，而so...提到句首，引导的主句部分用倒装语序，A和C项是倒装语序，但是sudden 是形容词，从结构上看，它应当作系动词was的表语，故C项是最佳答案。
【即境活用】
16.It is not surprising that __________little worms eat__________little grain.
A．so；so B．such；such
C．so；such D．such；so
解析：选D。第一处的little 是“小”的意思，第二处的little是“少”的意思。
② 【教材原句】 Physics will never be my favourite lesson，but I think that I’ll do well in the exam with Mrs.Chen teaching me.(P12)
物理从来不是我最喜欢的课，但我认为有陈老师教我，我会在考试中取得好成绩的。
【句法分析】 “with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”构成复合结构，在句中常作状语，有时可作定语。在这个句式中作宾补的有：现在分词、过去分词、不定式、介词短语、形容词、副词等。
①The weather was even colder with the wind blowing.
因为有风，天气更冷了。(现在分词作宾补，与宾语wind是主动关系且表示正在进行)
②With all the work finished，they hurried back home for lunch.
所有的工作都做完了，他们匆忙回家吃午饭。(过去分词finished 作宾补，与宾语work 是被动关系，表示已完成的)
③With many things to deal with, I have to stop listening to the light music.
有许多事情要处理，我只好不再听轻音乐了。(不定式to deal with作宾补，与宾语是被动关系，表示将来)
④She saw a small river with green grass and red flowers on both sides.
她看到一条小河，两岸长满了红花绿草。(介词短语on both sides作宾补)
⑤Don’t sleep with the door and windows open.
不要开着门窗睡觉。(形容词open作宾补)
17．(高考山东卷)The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already________for a meal to be cooked.
A．laid B．laying
C．to lay D．being laid
解析：选A。考查with复合结构。句意为“起居室既干净又整洁，里面有一张早已放好的预备要开饭的餐桌。”
【即境活用】
with 复合结构的构成是：with＋宾语＋宾补，宾补可以用分词，不定式，形容词，副词，介词短语等来充当，其中宾语和补足语之间是主语和谓语的关系。若用过去分词作补足语表示被动和完成；用现在分词作补足语表示主动和进行；用动词不定式作补足语表示未发生。由语境可知，要用过去分词作补足语，表示桌子早已被放好了。
18.You have no idea how she finished the relay race________her foot wounded so much.
A．for B．when
C．with D．while
be good to 对….友好 add up 合计 another time 改时间
get sth done 使…被做 calm down 镇定下来 have got to 不得不 walk the dog 遛狗 make a list of 列出 hide away 躲藏；隐藏 be concerned about 关心；挂念 share sth with sb 和某人分享某物 go through 经历；仔细检查 set down 放下；记下 a series of 一系列；一套 be crazy about 对…着迷 on purpose 故意 in order to/ so as to 为了
face to face 面对面地 get along with 与…相处
pack up 收拾，打理行装
according to 按照；根据…所说
have trouble with sb/sth 同某人闹意见；做…有困难
communicate with sb 和…交际
throw away the friendship 放弃/终止友谊 try out 试验；试用 join in 参加（活动）far and wide 到处 look to sth 注意，留心某事 fall in love 相爱
ignorant of 无知的 cheat sb(out)of sth 骗取某人某物
have the/a habit of doing sth 有做…的习惯 句子归纳：
1.I wonder if… 我想知道是否….2.It’s because… 这是因为….此从句中because不能用since或as 代替 3.What do you think a good friend should be like? 你认为一个好朋友应该是什么样的呢？
4.While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.=While you were walking the dog, …在遛狗时，你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子，结果狗被车撞了。（当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。）
5.Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹的朋友吗？
6.I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我已经很久不能去户外，所以我变得对自然界的所有东西都很感兴趣。
7.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song
of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.我记得非常清楚，曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未使我心醉神迷过。
8.It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
9.I would be grateful if you could give me some advice.如果您给我提些建议，我会非常感谢的。（I would be grateful if… 委婉客气提出请求）10.It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary.记日记对你来说是个好习惯。11.She found it difficult to settle and… 她发现很难解决的….12.This series of readers is very interesting.这一类的读者是很有趣的。13.A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。新课标必修1 Unit2 重点词组：
in…ways 在…方面 such as 例如 believe it or not 信不信由你 come up with 提出 come up to a place 参观某地 ever before 从前 even if/ though 即使 at the end of 在…末期 be based on 在...基础上 close to 距离…近change…into 把…变成 in the early days 在早期 take…with…随身携带 the same…as 与…相同的 at present 目前 be absent from 缺席 be present at 在席；出席 carry out a rule 执行规则 be a native of 是…人 at sb’s request 应某人的要求 have a command of掌握 make a request 请求 request that …(should)+v原形
in one direction 朝一个方向
because of 因为；由于 give commands 命令 be different from 与…不同
in the 1600’s = in the 1600s
as we know 正如我们所知 as a rule 通常；照例
be native to 是…的土产动物/植物
an international language 一门国际语言 an international organization 一个国际组织
play a role/ part(in)在…中担任角色；在…中起作用;扮演一个角色；参与 play an important role/ part 在…中起重要作用
come up(vi)走进；上来；发生；被讨论 make(good/ full)use of（好好/充分）利用 from one place to another 从一处到另一处
present sth to sb / present sb with sth 给某人提供某物 句子归纳：
1.However, they may not be able to understand everything.（然而，他们可能不是什么都懂。）
2.This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.(这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。)3.All languages change when cultures communicate with one another.(当不同文化互相沟通时，所有的语言都会发生变化。)4.What the British call “petrol” the Americans call “gas”.(美国人把被英国人称作“petrol”的东西称作“gas”。此处what引导宾语从句)5.Actually, it was based more on German than present day English.(实际上，当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。)6.…those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.…那些报道新闻的人会说一口流利的英语。
7.The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.(in which= where, 其引导定语从句。美国是一个大国，国内说着许许多多的方言。)8.…there is more than one kind of English in the world.(more than one+单数可数名词，作主语时，谓语用单数)
9.It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a native English speaker.(对于一个中国人来说把英语说得跟以英语为母语的人一样好是不容易的。)句型：It is + adj/n+ for sb to do sth 对于某人来说做某事是… 扩充：It is + adj+ of /for sb to do sth 当句式中形容词修饰to do sth 时用for;若形容词修饰sb，则用of.eg: It’s kind of you to help me carry the box.附：
1.either…or…和neither…nor…连接两个名词作主语，谓语动词采取就近原
则。
2.be different in 强调在某方面的不同
be different from 强调在各方面的不同 3.in the end 最后，最终 后无of 结构 三个表示最后最终的用法：
⑴finally: 按照顺序的最后，常与first, secondly 等连用 ⑵at last: 经过长时间等待直到最后
⑶in the end: 经过长期曲折斗争努力，终于… 如：战争等
4.与人交谈，常会有听不清楚或听不懂的情形，遇到这种情况该如何开口呢？ ⑴Pardon? ⑵I beg your pardon? I don’t understand./ Sorry, I can’t follow you.对不起，我没听懂，请再说一遍好吗？
⑶Could you say that again, please? / Could you repeat that, please? 请再说一遍好吗？
⑷Could you speak more slowly, please? 请你说得慢一点好吗？ 5.include ─ including;included identity ─ identify actually ─ actual(adj);apidly ─ rapid(v)
government(n)─ govern(v)wide(adj)─ widen(v);broad(adj)─ broaden(v)foreign ─ foreigner;solve(v)─ solution(n)
6.petrol------gas;lift------elevator;flat------apartment film------movie;sweets----candy;post------mail
新课标必修1 Unit3 Travel Journal 重点词组：
one-way fare 单程票 round-trip fare 往返票 graduate from 从…毕业 care about 忧虑，关心 care for喜欢，照顾 care to do愿意/同意做某事give in(vt)上交 give in(to)投降；屈服；让步 give up 放弃
give up doing/sth as usual 像往常一样 at midnight 午夜
at an altitude of 在…海拔上 attitude to/ toward(s)对…态度 change one’s mind 改变主意 to my mind = in my opinion make camp 野营，宿营 make up one’s mind to do 决心干某事 put up one’s tents 搭起帐篷 sth be familiar to sb某事为某人所熟悉
dream of/ about doing sth 梦想做某事 go for long bike rides 做长途自行车旅行
persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事 persuade sb not to do sth= persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事 determine to do sth(动作)/ be determined to do sth（心理）决心干某事 get sb interested in 使某人对..感兴趣 insist on(one’s)sth/ doing sth 一定要；坚持要
the best way of doing sth/ the best way to do sth 干某事的最好办法 sb be familiar with sth某人熟悉某事
can’t wait/ can hardly wait to do sth 迫不及待想干某事
for one thing… for another（用来引出某事的理由）一则… 二则… take one’s breath away 使某人大吃一惊 句子归纳：
1.It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River.强调句基本句型：it is/ was….that….其中指人时可用who(主)，whom(宾)。2.Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that we(should)find the source of the river.insist that….(should)+ v原形 坚持要；坚持要求 insist that….陈述语气 坚持说；坚持认为
3.Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles?(metaphor)4.To climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun.5.Good luck on your journey.6.The lake shone like glass in the moonlight.(simile)新课标必修1 Unit4 Earthquakes 重点词组句子归纳总结 重点词组：
have time to do 有时间做某事 happen to do 碰巧做某事
shake hands with sb 握手 burst into tears/ laughter in ruins 成为废墟 cut across 穿过、横穿 blow away 吹走、刮走 fall down 倒塌
rescue workers 救援人员 be pleased to do 乐意做某事 make/ give a speech 发表演说 judging….from 根据……来判断 tens of thousands of 成千上万 dig out 挖掘
burst out crying/laughing突然哭/笑起来 think little of 对……评价低
be proud of / take pride in 以……而自豪 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
invite sb for/ to sth think highly of 对……评价高 one-third 1/3 two-thirds 2/3 seventy-five percent 75% agree with sb give out 发出（气味等）；分发；耗尽 a great/ large number of =a great many/good 大量的 be trapped in/ under 陷入……/ 陷在……下面 the high school speaking competition 高中演讲比赛
have sb do sth= make sb do sth= let sb do sth 让某人做某事
come to an end(vi)= put/ bring sth to an end = put/ bring an end to sth 结束某事
agree to sth give off 发出（气味等）give back 归还
give away 赠送；泄露 agree on sth 达成一致意见 agree to do sth right away= right now= at once= immediately 立刻 as you know 正如你所知道的
be known as 作为……而知名as is known to all 众所周知 be known for 因……而出名
as could be expected 正如可以预料到的 it is useless doing sth 干某事是无用的
happen= take place= come about= break out 偶发 有计划 偶发 战争等爆发 句子归纳：
1.It is always calm before a storm.2.Now, imagine there has been a big earthquake.此句为There be 句型
3.Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide.现在分词表伴随 4.It seemed that the world was at an end.5.Water, food and electricity were hard to get.句型：主语+ be + adj + to do 其中to do 用主动形式表示被动含义 6.All hope was not lost.all 与not 连用 表示部分否定 7.It’s never too late to learn.活到老，学到老。附：分词用法 之 作定语
falling leaves 正在落的叶子 boiling water 正在沸腾的水 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的叶子 boiled water 开水 新课标必修1 Unit5 Nelson Mandela 重点词组句子归纳总结 重点词组：
lose heart 丧失勇气 worry about 担心 lose one’s heart to sb/sth 爱上，喜欢上 be worried about 担心（状态）in trouble 处于不幸中 be sentenced to 被判处 be out of work = lose one’s job 失业 be equal to 相等的，平等的 be proud of / take pride in 以……而自豪 invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事
invite sb for/ to sth think highly of 对……评价高 one-third 1/3 two-thirds 2/3 seventy-five percent 75% agree with sb
give out 发出（气味等）；分发；耗尽 as a matter of fact = in fact = actually 事实上
blow up 充气 爆炸 beg for 乞讨 set up 建立，创立；设置，竖起 send up 发射，使上涨 set about 着手做某事(set about doing sth)go up 上升，增长；被兴建 set off 出发，动身 set up 设立，建立；设置，竖起
set out 陈列，摆出；开始（set out to do sth）stop sb(from)doing sth be active in = take an active part in 积极参与，在……活跃 keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事 die for 为……而死 die from 死于（外因）prevent sb(from)doing sth die of 死于（内因 如：饥饿，寒冷，疾病等）be proud of / take pride in 以……而自豪
invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 invite sb for/ to sth agree with sb
think highly of 对…评价高one-third 1/3
two-thirds 2/3 seventy-five percent 75% give out 发出（气味等）；分发；耗尽
put sb in prison= throw sb into prison= send sb to prison 把……投入监狱 advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事 advice 不可数 a piece of advice advise doing sth fight for 为争取……而斗争 advise sb on sth fight against 为反对……而斗争 advise that(should)+ v原
fight with 同……并肩作战/ 同……斗争 have problems/ difficulty/ trouble with sth work out 算出 have a go= have a try break the law 违反法律
have problems/ difficulty/ trouble(in)doing sth be willing to do sth 乐于做某事
realize one’s dream of 实现…… 的梦想 answer violence with violence 以暴制暴
come to power 当权，上台 social activities 社会活动
equal(adj)---equally(adv)---equality(n)violence(n)------violent(adj)cruelty(n)---cruel(adj)---cruelly(adv)educated(adj)------education(n)willing----unwilling 不愿意的 active----inactive 不活跃的 句子归纳：
1.Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.only 放在句首且后接状语时（作状语：副词；介词短语；状语从句），要使用部分倒装------才用一般疑问句语序。
Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth.Only when his father came back did he go to bed.（从句无需倒装，主句要倒装）
2.He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism;people’s rights;people’s livelihood.他主张三民主义：民主、民权、民生。3.I felt bad the first time I talked to the group.the first time 用法相当于连词用法，用来引导从句 链接：It’s the first time that 现在完成时
It was the first time that 过去完成时
4.He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.（should have done 本应做而未做）
needn’t have done 本不应做而做了 can’t have done 过去不可能做过
新课标必修1 Unit6 重点词组：
in…ways 在…方面 such as 例如 believe it or not 信不信由你 come up with 提出 come up to a place 参观某地 ever before 从前 even if/ though 即使 at the end of 在…末期 be based on 在...基础上 close to 距离…近change…into 把…变成 in the early days 在早期 take…with…随身携带 the same…as 与…相同的 at present 目前 be absent from 缺席 be present at 在席；出席 carry out a rule 执行规则 be a native of 是…人 at sb’s request 应某人的要求 have a command of掌握 make a request 请求 request that …(should)+v原形 in one direction 朝一个方向
give commands 命令 be different from 与…不同 i n the 1600’s = in the 1600s as a rule 通常；照例 be native to 是…的土产动物/植物 as we know 正如我们所知
an international language 一门国际语言 an international organization 一个国际组织
play a role/ part(in)在…中担任角色；在…中起作用;扮演一个角色；参与 play an important role/ part 在…中起重要作用 because of 因为；由于 come up(vi)走进；上来；发生；被讨论 make(good/ full)use of（好好/充分）利用
from one place to another 从一处到另一处 present sth to sb / present sb with sth 句子归纳：
1.However, they may not be able to understand everything.（然而，他们可能不是什么都懂。）
2.This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.(这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。)3.All languages change when cultures communicate with one another.(当不同文化互相沟通时，所有的语言都会发生变化。)4.What the British call “petrol” the Americans call “gas”.(美国人把被英国人称作“petrol”的东西称作“gas”。此处what引导宾语从句)5.Actually, it was based more on German than present day English.(实际上，当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。)6.…those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.7.The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.(in which= where, 其引导定语从句。美国是一个大国，国内说着许许多多的方言。)8.…there is more than one kind of English in the world.(more than one+单数可数名词，作主语时，谓语用单数)
9.It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a native English speaker.(对于一个中国人来说把英语说得跟以英语为母语的人一样好是不容易的。)句型：It is + adj/n+ for sb to do sth 对于某人来说做某事是… 扩充：It is + adj+ of /for sb to do sth 当句式中形容词修饰to do sth 时用for;若形容词修饰sb，则用of.eg: It’s kind of you to help me carry the box.附：
1.either…or…和neither…nor…连接两个名词作主语，谓语动词采取就近原则。
2.be different in 强调在某方面的不同
be different from 强调在各方面的不同 3.in the end 最后，最终 后无of 结构 三个表示最后最终的用法：
⑴finally: 按照顺序的最后，常与first, secondly 等连用 ⑵at last: 经过长时间等待直到最后
⑶in the end: 经过长期曲折斗争努力，终于… 如：战争等
4.与人交谈，常会有听不清楚或听不懂的情形，遇到这种情况该如何开口呢？ ⑴Pardon? ⑵I beg your pardon? I don’t understand./ Sorry, I can’t follow you.对不起，我没听懂，请再说一遍好吗？
⑶Could you say that again, please? / Could you repeat that, please? 请再说一遍好吗？
⑷Could you speak more slowly, please? 请你说得慢一点好吗？ 5.include ─ including;included identity ─ identify actually ─ actual(adj);apidly ─ rapid(v)
government(n)─ govern(v)wide(adj)─ widen(v);broad(adj)─ broaden(v)foreign ─ foreigner;solve(v)─ solution(n)
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