新东方英语四级笔记资料

2024-11-19 版权声明 我要投稿

新东方英语四级笔记资料(共4篇)

新东方英语四级笔记资料 篇1

英语四级资料:新东方的笔记资料

在阅读题和词汇语法题中,有这几个词的选项肯定是答案:beyond, entitle, availabel, bargain, lest, except for

在“自然科学”阅读中,有这几个词的选项肯定要排除:all, only, totally, compalatly, unlimiely.在“态度题”中,有这两个词的选项要排除:indiffrent(漠不关心的),subject(主观的)

作文题目强烈推荐-----“网络的利弊”

词汇:(很有冲刺性)

come go keep hold get put make turn bring look call ask stand lay run live

以上词跟介词搭配必考几道!

重点记忆词汇---------------(括号内注明的是这次要考的意思)

bargain(见了就选)except for(见了就选)offer(录取通知书)effects(个人财物)gap(不足、差距)mark(污点、做标记)mind(照料、看管)moment(考了8次)present(拿出)inquire deliberate advisable accuse anything but but for consume with extensive at intervals origin preferable to procedure profitable property pace point range refuse refer to relief religion relatively release rise single sole spoil stick suit surprise urgent vary tense tolerant trace vacant weaken wear off

需要辨析的:

1.call off(取消、放弃)和 call up(召集、唤起)2.adapt to 和 adopt

3.arise 和 arouse 4.count on = rely on 5.cope with = deal with

6.no doubt 和 in doubt 7.employee 和 employer 8.general 和 generous

9.instant 和 constant 10.lie(及物)和 lay(不及物)11.regulate 和 regular

12.supply(有目的提供)和 offer(无目的提供)

语法:(分值小)

1. 虚拟语气:

表示建议的几个词:wish, would rather, had rather;

it is time that + 过去式;

it is high time that + 过去式;

but for、lest、as if、as though、would、should、could、might +动词原型。

2. 非谓语动词:

最常考:不定式 表示主动、将来,通常爱做后置定语;

其次考:分词 现在分词表示主动进行,过去分词表示被动完成。通常做状语。

再次考:动名词 动词名词化,做主语和宾语。

3. 时态:

按出题可能性大小依次为:将来完成时,过去完成时,现在完成进行时,现在完成时,一般现在时。

4. 语态:

肯定考被动。

作文:(肯定是议论文、最有冲刺性)

什么样的英雄是你心目中的英雄(有可能出)

适合才是找工作的关键(有可能出)

学校点名有没有必要

谈一下你对atm机的看法(有可能出)

防盗门窗有没有用

你对打折的看法

演讲稿的开头致欢迎词

独生子女的利弊 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com

你怎么看待电视购物,电子购物

网络的利弊 ----------------------------(最有可能!)

阅读:

必考体裁:

1。美国文化生活实文

提示:1。friend,关于友谊;2。家庭,父母,养父母;3。“死亡”话题,安乐死;4。美国经济问题

2。教育学

提示:1。imitation(模仿);2。中美教育差别;3。选专业,找工作

3。自然学科

提示:读什么选什么。*只要有 all 或only 的选项就排除。

出题原则:

1. 转折原则:出现but、however肯定出题;

2. 原因原则:出现because、reason、witse(由于)、be dule to(由于)肯定出题;

3. 比较原则:在读文章时,遇到比较原则的特征词做出标记,以便定位;

题干当中出现特征词,回原文定位时,必须有相同或类似的说法出现;

要是选项中出现了特征词,如果要选,原文中必须有出处,但通常无出处,所以常排除。

特征词:best、first、last、no、all、none、primally、best、always、never、main、more„than„.as„.as„.、only、sole、unique

4.例证原则:例子本身不重,所支持的观点、论断最重要。做题技巧:

------细节题:

1. 文章议论顺序和出题顺序一致;

2. 从题干中寻找典型的特征词回原文中定位;

常用定位词:时间,地点,人名,特征名词及其定语

3. 从选项当中寻找一个与所定位内容意思最接近的作为正确答案。

排除法:1。分清有无,2。分清强弱,3。分清主次,4。分清正反,5。分清宽窄,6。分清全偏。

* **选项中有以下几个词则排除:totally, compalatly, unlimitely.------态度题:

永远不可能为答案的词:indifrent(漠不关心的),subjuct(主观的)

常选词:

乐观、赞扬:positive(支持),accurate,optimistic(乐观的)

中立: objective(客观的)在自然科学文章中常作正确选项

neutral(中立的)在自然科学文章中常作正确选项

悲观、批评:critical(批评的),nejative,pessimistic(悲观的)

出处:1。主题句,2。例证的倾向性,3,修饰语的感情色彩

------topic题(1个):

1. 文章的topic(议论对象、说明对象)必须存在于正确答案当中;

在文章中寻找topic:从前不从后,从多不从少。

2. 排除:文章所谈的细节内容和段落内容永远不可能成为答案;

3. 主题句的出处:文章首句 或 首段末句 或 二段首句。

------infer题(1—2个):

1. 基本原则:从选项当中寻找一个与原文意思最相近的作为正确答案;

2. 从选项下手,运用排除法。

------词汇和指代合在一起(出一题): 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com

1. 指代:在文章中找到位置往前找,离它最近的名词、词组和句子;

2. 词汇:从该词附近的定语从句、同位语、同位语从句、逗号和破折号中间的插入语并列结构去猜词。

(一)听力题型分析 i、a节(section a)1、问题类型

a节每组对话一般是在一男一女之间进行的一问一答。问题一般由先讲话的人提出。题目均以问句形式出现,其中多数是特殊疑问句。这些问题涉及的内容大致归纳如下: a、多用来问以下内容:

1)问“是什么、要什么、讨论什么、什么种类”等,如: what is the man's answer? what does the woman want for lunch? what are they talking about? what kind of books does the man want to borrow? 2)问“做什么”,如:

what does the woman tell the man to do first? what are the speakers doing now? what will happen if john fails the exam? 3)问“什么含义”,如:

what does the man mean(imply)? what does the woman's answer suggest? 4)问“从对话中能获得什么信息或结论”,如: what can we learn from the conversation? what can be concluded from this conversation? 5)问“对某人或某事有什么看法”,如: what does the man think of miss brown? what does the woman think of the plan? b、a节中用提出的问题主要问“对话可能是在什么场所发生的”,即: where does this conversation most probably take place? where does this conversation most likely occur? where are the man and woman? c、可能问以下几个方面的情况: 1)问钟点(可用替换),如:

man(m): what time did yesterday's football match start? woman(w): it was supposed to start at a quarter to 7, but it was delayed an hour.question(q): when did the game finally start? 2)问在哪个星期或星期几(后者可用替换),如: w: i thought to go to town now.i have some shopping to do.m: don't spend too much, i won't get paid until next week.q: when will he be paid? 3)问日期,如:

when will the winter vacation begin? d、用提问的问题可以问原因,也可以问目的,如: 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com

why is the man late? why did the man repair the car by himself? e、可能问对话者某一方的身份、对话人之间的关系或对话中涉及到的其他人的情况,如: w: may i help you ,sir? m: i hope so.it's my watch.i brought it in to be repaired, but i've lost the receipt.q: who is the man? f、主要针对以下内容提问:

1)问做某事的方式、方法或使用的交通工具,如: how did the teacher usually begin his class? how does the man usually go to work? 2)问“对某事的感受如何”,如: how does the man feel about the movie? how do you like the film? g、问“多少”,属于涉及数字的题,可能有以下几种形式: how many persons...? how many dozens of...does...want? how much does...? how old is...? how long does it take...to...? a节的问句根据疑问词划分,大致可以归为以上七类。a节中偶尔也有个别一般疑问句。但也可能出现其它类型的问句,(如以whom,whose,which提问),或针对以上未归纳的内容进行提问。

(二)2、对话内容分类

若按对话内容分类,则可分为以下几种类型: a、时间类:包括直接型和计算型。如:

w: your library books are due on december 13th.if you have not finished using them by then, you may renew them once.m: thank you very much.i only need them for a few days.q: when must the man return his books to the library? b、数字类:包括直接型和计算型。如: w: do you live in a college dormitory? m: yes, i do.it's a six-man suite, but at the moment only four of us live there.q: how many people share the suite now? c、地点类:包括直接型和含蓄型。如: m: i need to cash this check? w: will you step right over to the teller's window, please? q: where is the conversation most probably taking place? d、否定类:

此类对话既可以含有not,no,neither,nor等否定词,也有 but,although等转折词,或由would rather,too...to结构及虚拟语气等表达。因此,对于后者要特别加以注意。如: m: ann, do you have any extra money you could loan me? w: i wish i could help you.i went shopping yesterday.now i have only two dollars till the end of the week.q: will the man borrow any money from the woman? 此题的答案肯定是no。听这段话时要抓住i wish i could help you.这一关键话语。这句话虽然从表面上看是外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com

肯定式,但却隐含着i'm sorry i can't help you.的意思。e、人物类:

包括人物关系、人物身份两类。此类对话提供一个情节,能反映所涉及的人的关系或身份。如: m: good evening, madam.there is a table for two over there.this way, please.w: thank you.could i see the menu, please? q: what's the relationship between the man and woman? a)husband and wife.b)waiter and customer.c)salesman and customer.d)host and guest.f、活动类:

这一类谈话内容可涉及上课、娱乐、工作、日常生活等各种

情况。如:

w: are you going to new york next weekend? m: yes, i'm going to look up bill while i'm there.q: what's the man going to do? 这类对话中往往先后出现几种情况,要注意听问句是什么,然后再作出选择。

(三)3、几种常见的解题方法

a节中的对话虽然简短,但多数情况下,往往不能从听到的内容中找到与选择项内容完全相同的部分,即对话中一般没有现成的答案。因此,在听的时候要注意抓住选择项的同义或反义词(组)用辨别法答题(解活动类多用此方法),或根据对话内容采用归纳、推论或辨别的方法回答。用这种方法答题,类型不仅仅限于诸如“what does the man mean?”这样的题目,其它如含蓄人物类、人物身份类、含蓄地点类、否定类题目也与此类似。如:

w: how do you like the play you saw last night? m: well, i should have stayed at home.q: what does the man think of the play? a)it is exciting.b)it is boring.c)he didn't see the play.d)he like it very much.对话中“i should have stayed at home.”(我真该待在家里),这句话已婉转地表明他不喜欢这出戏,而对没有待在家里表示遗憾、后悔(should have done something这种结构可用来表示“对应该发生而实际上没有发生的事情表示遗憾、后悔或谴责)。能使他产生此感想的原因自然是”the play is boring.“(演出令人厌烦),因而b是正确的答案。否定类题目多含有虚拟语气、语气否定、暗示比喻、强化意见等形式。这一节属于此数字类题目的对话中,多出现两处,甚至三、四处数字或时间,因此,除了用辨别方法外,有时必须用计算方法才能得出正确答案.(四)四六级英语写作类型

1. 体裁:说明文,议论文 最近几年的四六级作文的体裁以说明文和议论文为主。说明文如:how to succeed in a job interview(2000,12,四级), how i finance my college education(2000,1 四级), practice makes perfect,haste makes waste(97,1 六级)议论文如:don't hesitate to say ”no“(99,1 四级和六级), can money buy happiness(95,1 四级), is a test of spoken english necessary?(2000,6 四级)reading selectively or extensively?(99,6六级),do ”lucky numbers“ really bring good luck?(98,6 四级和六级)

2.段落类型:比较/对比,列举,程序等 说明和议论文章所采用的文章扩展模式一般以比较/对照,举例、列举、因果、程序等者居多。如:don't hesitate to say ”no“, reading selectively or extensively等很多四六级写作中都涉及到两种观点的对比,整体的段落类型为对照型。practice makes perfect, harmfulness of 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com

fake commodities等可采用因果行的段落结构模式,也可以采用举例说明的结构模式。advantages of a job interview则应采用列举的段落扩展模式。

3. 出题方式:提纲式写作,中文提纲,一般为三句或两句。如:99年1月份考题directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: don't hesitate to say ”no“.you should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in chinese)below.1.别人请求帮助时,在什么情况下我们会说“不”。2.为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不说“不”。3.该说“不”时不说“不”的坏处。

再如:98年一月分考题directions: for this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: harmfulness of fake commodities.you should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in chinese)below.1.目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fake commodities)。为什么会有这种情况2.举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。

(五)论文类的常考思路: 1.题目难拟 2.资料难查 3.打字(机房总被占用)涉及词汇: 打字: laptop 手提电脑 坏了

打印: type it out -->printer/computer 摘要: do some research -->labrary 【research】 1.论文 2.报纸 3.文件 4.纸张

考点词汇: 演讲:(speech,address,report)-->考点:1.提问难 2.应穿着正式的衣服(对话涉及)3.感到紧张(feeling nervous)

图书管题目常考思路: 1.想借的书借不到 2.想还的书(已经过期)考点词汇: 关于费用:fare 交通费 rent 租金 fee 杂费 utilities 水电费 postage 邮资 tuition 学费

tuition feee 学杂费 罚款:fine

餐厅问题的常考思路: 校内食堂 cafeteria

关于make a reseration/book/reserve a table/menu/order/ 餐厅:fansy restanrant(豪华的)/meal ticket(饭票)/plate(盘子)/helpings(一人一份)

机场内题目常考思路: 1.票已经卖完 2.接人晚点 3.送人伤感 考点词汇: board 登机

airplane/direct flight/first class(头等舱)/economy class(经济舱)/seat belt/take over/land(降落)/ wing(1.附楼 2.机翼)/terminal 1.终端 2.终点站 3.后机厅 外语下载中心http://down.tingroom.com

交通类题目常考思路: 交通阻塞:1.traffic jam 2.back up 罚款(fine):1.break rules 2.go speeding 交通晚点:1.behind schedule = delay 2.on schedule = on time

打电话场景考试思路: 1.要约会的人约不到 2.约会去不了 3.电话打不通或者打错电话 考点词汇: coin:wrong out of coins ->cut off(被动)->hang up(主动)->hook(挂钩)->receiver(话筒)-> slot(硬币投币口)过程: look up/pick up/drop coin in the slot/dial

新东方英语四级笔记资料 篇2

和汉字不同,英语单词的结构中通常有前后缀,前缀表示整个单词含义的方向感(如“上”、“下”、“里”、“外”等),是单个汉字中没有的成分。前后缀非常重要,请把它们熟悉下来。

九大前缀:(前缀没有特别重要的含义,只是表示简单的方向感,类似汉语中的前、后、左、右等,放在单词之首,配合词根来表达单词的完整含义,常用的有九种)

请大家根据你们非常熟悉的一个简单单词,来学习一个你必须掌握的前缀,将原来对于某一个单词的感性认识升华到理性认识。

共:com-(还有con/cor/col的版本), per-(具体指:“每一个”或者“一直”的意思);举例:

compose 组成,构成(com-共同,pose=put-摆放,往共同的地方摆放——组成、构成)consensus 一致同意, 多数人的意见, 舆论(con-共同,sense-感觉,us-名词后缀)correct 正确的(cor-全都,rect-正、直,全都是正的——正确的)

collect 收集,收藏(col-全都,lect-挑选,全挑过来,全选过来——收集、收藏、集中)percent 百分比,每百个(per-每一个,cent-分币、百)

perfect 完美的(per-每一个,fect-做,制造,每一件事都做了——完美的)

分:dis-(常指一分为多),se-(常指一分为二);举例:

display 展览,陈列(dis-分着,play-播放、展示,分着展示——展览,陈列)separate 分开(se-分,par=pair-一对、一双,ate-动词后缀——把一对儿分开——分开,隔离)

前:pre-(在„之前),pro-(往„前);举例:

preface序言、封面(pre-前,face-脸、面,在前面的脸——封面)progress前进,进步(pro-往前,gress-前进,往前前进——前进,进步)

上:sur-(超,过);举例:

surpass 超过,超越(sur-超,pass过——超过、超越)

下:sub-,de-;举例:

subway 地下铁、地道(sub-下面,way-路,下面的路——地下铁)delay 延迟、耽误(de-底下,lay-放,往底下放——延迟,耽误)

不:a-,ab-, un-,dis-,im-(还有in/il/ir的版本);举例:

abound 丰富,大量(a-不,bound-板子,边界——无边无界、一望无垠,丰富,富饶)about 关注、关于、大约(ab-不,out-出去、离开,不出去,不离开——关注、关于、大约)unhappy 不高兴(un-不,happy-高兴——不高兴)dislike 不喜欢(dis-不,like-喜欢——不喜欢)immediately 立即地,直接地(im-不要,med-中间、中间环节,iately-复合的后缀,不要中间环节、一步到位——立即地,直接的)incorrect 不正确的(in-不,correct-正确的——不正确的)illegal 不合法的(il-不,leg-词根:law, al-的——非法的)irregular 不规则的(ir-不,regular-规则的)

内:ac-(常指往...里),in-(常指在...里,也有im/il的版本);举例:

accept 接受(ac-往里,cept-拿、取,往里面拿——接受)inside 在里面(in-在里,side-边、侧)import 进口(im-进入,port-港口)illuminate 照明(il=in-进入,lumin-词根:光,ate-动词后缀 整词:进入灯光——照明)

irrigate 灌溉(ir=in-进入,rig-rigid-直的-植物,ate-动词后缀 整词:[让水]进入植物——灌溉)

外:ex-,e-,es-,ec-;举例:

exit 出口、门(ex-往外,it-后缀,往外出的地方——出口、门)elect 选举(e-往外,lect-挑选,往外挑选出来——选举)

essay 散文、随笔(es-往外,say-说,随口而说——散文,随笔)

eccentric 古怪的(ec-出来,center-中心,ic-的,整词:从中心出来的,远离中心的——古怪的)

反:re-(有反复、返回两个意思), op-(相对的);举例:

return返回(re-往回,turn-转,往回转——返回)

oppose对抗(op-相对,pose-摆放——在相对的位置摆放——对抗)

难点两处:

1,dis/ab/re三个前缀是难点,各有两种含义,要重点强化。

2,有的前缀如“com”出现在不同的字母之前,就会有不同的版本,比如“concession迁就,让步/compose组成,作曲/correct正确的/collect收集”,其实这里写单词开头的“com/con/col/cor”都是正宗的前缀“com-共同的”的几个变体,由于前缀的地位不如词根重要,所以在语言使用过程中,前缀最后一个字母根据词根开头的字母作出了牺牲,被同化了。

三种后缀:(后缀更是没有任何实在的含义,只是表示整个单词的词性,类似汉语中的“的、地、得”等,放在单词末尾,配合词根和前缀来完成整个单词,常用的具备表示单词词性的后缀有三种)

动词后缀:-ate,-ify,-ise(-ize),-ish.举例:

dictate 独裁,使„听写(dict-词根:说。“独裁”和“使„听写”的核心含义就是“说”,ate无非是整个单词中表示词性的成分)

rectify 纠正(rect-词根:直。ify也是一个动词后缀,相当于汉语中的“化”,比如“绿化”、“净化”、“美化”等等后面的“化”字,是一个将形容词转化成动词的符号。)

advertise 做广告(ad-加强语气,vert-旋转,ise-动词后缀。江身体选装起来让更多角度和方面的人看见——广而告之——广告)

finish 完成(fine-词根:落下,终止。比如:final-最后的,al-形容词后缀;finish-完成,ish-动词后缀)

名词后缀:-a,-ar,-ary,-age,-ance,-ancy,-ant, 举例:

panda 熊猫(pand-词根:膨胀。)scar 刀疤(sc-词根:雕刻,切割)

salary 薪水(sal=salt-盐,古罗马士兵发盐作为军饷。)page 一张(辅音字母“p”有强烈的“成张、成片”的含义。)servant 奴仆(serve-服务 +ant-的人 =servant-奴仆)

-ent,-ence,-ency,-er,-el,-le,举例:

student 学生(study +ent)

fence 击剑、篱笆(f-像竖立的剑的形状)tendency 趋势、趋向(tend-词根:延伸,伸长)teacher 教师(teach-教,讲)

panel 仪表盘、面板(pan-词根:盘子)angle 角度(ang-词根:角度)

-ice,-icy,-ity,-ine,-ion, 举例:

police 警察(pole-杆子,柱子。警察站在大街上像根柱子。粤语也有管警察叫“条子”的说法。)

policy 政策、方针(pole杆子,柱子。“方针”是指示方向的指南针,其实就是根小棒子。)

city 城市 line 线 nation 国家(nat-词根:生)

-or,-ory, 举例: tailor 裁缝(tail-词根:尾巴,剪刀)story 故事(st-词根:站着,停留,陈旧的)

-us,-ue,-um,-ute 举例:

campus校园(camp-词根:田野)

dialogue对话(dia-对、彼此,log-说)museum博物馆(muse-词根:艺术,艺术品)minute分钟(mini-词根:小,细小的)

形容词后缀:-al,-ial,-ual,-ant,-ent,-ive,-ite,-ile,-ic,-id,-ous,-ious,-uous 举例:

normal 正常的(norm-标准)

social 社会的(soc-词根:社会)

actual 现实的、现场的(act-行动,动起来的)giant 巨大的(g-大、广)

deficient 不足的、不够的(de-低,fic-做、制造,ient-的)native 本地的,本国的(nat-词根:生、长)polite 文明的、礼貌的(pole-杆子,柱子)

missile 发射的、投射的(miss-词根:投,掷,抛,投)panic恐慌的(Pan-森林之神)

rigid 僵直的、刻板的(rig-词根:直)

suspicious 怀疑的(su-底下,spic-看,ious-的:在底下偷偷看某人,就是“怀疑的”。)conspicuous 有目共睹的(con-共同,spic-看,uous-的,大家都看的,有目共睹的)

注意:

1,大家能够较熟练认出这些后缀就行,在一个单词中(比如: tendency-趋势,倾向),能准确找到ency是一个表示名次词性的后缀,就可以了,那么,这时候我们再去记忆这个单词就会很自然把注意力放到词根tend上,记忆任务也就简化了一半。

新东方笔记2009笔记大总结 篇3

一、主旨大意题

1.问法:

a.主题型 b.标题型 c.目的型 2.命题规律:a.首段 b.尾段

c.中间段

3.方法:首末句原则法(首段前两句+每段首句+尾段末两句)4.技巧:①结构 a.2~4→尽可能用完 b.≥5→用过1/2部分

②首段首句问句

③首段尾段独句段:主旨题即为此句

④首段举例/谚语:一定在首段两句

5.选项分析:正确①具有概括性②语气不绝对③符合常识、逻辑

错误①概括过度②以偏盖全③无关④对立 6.词汇:同义词、四六级核心词汇、考研阅读高频词汇

二、例证题

1.问法:example;case;cite;mention;illustrate;prove/show 2.解题方法:跳开本句,左(90%)顾右(10%)盼

3.技巧:①准确定位 ②例子不看 ③90%→一句 10%→一句二句

三、指代题

1.问法:―代‖→it ①普通代词②形式主语③形式宾语

↘which 一定向左,可以指代单词,也可以指代句子 2.方法:代入→语法功能→向左or向右

四、长难句分析

1.定义:30words左右,多个分词,多个从句 2.分析:前→后 寻找独立谓语→是否存在连词

转折让步看一半,并列不用全看完,插入成分可跳过,定状细节尽量删

五、文章来源题 1.方法:中心思想法

2.来源:①book view ②preface/forword ③popular science ④autobiography

⑤news coverage ⑥speech/lecture

六、细节题 ㈠事实细节题

1.问法:4W/H 实义 题干+正确选项=原文一二句 2.方法:寻读①key words(a.实词 b.一次)②research(a.顺序 b.关键词第一次出现的地方)③position(a.过1/2 b.完整句子定位)④choice(同义转换/词性转换/上下文)

3.命题规律:①转折词(but, yet, while, whereas / however, nevertheless, in fact, indeed, practically)附近②专有名词(人名地名年代)③特殊标点符号④段落首末句 4.技巧:①准确定位②遵守顺序原则③长选项竖读④坚持本本主义 ⑤细节不孤立⑥头不要摆,不要指着读

5.选项分析:正确①同义改写②归纳总结③词性转变

错误①张冠李戴②偷梁换柱③与原文内容对立④微调 6.复习:①思路scan ②在找到的位置达到择读 ㈡是非判断题

1.问法: which; true; correct; mention; except 2.命题规则:①中心思想法(3错1对)②并列列举(3对1错)3.方法:① 3错1对 中心思想法 ②3对1错 选项反定位法 4.解题技巧:①判断是3对1错还是3错1对 ②看题目是否有指定段落 ③看是否有关键词

七、论点论据题

1.题型:①类比题②写作手法题③文章结构题

2.文章结构:①花开两朵型(总分)②一枝独秀型③新闻报道型(倒序,结果常在开头)④问题解决型(常以问题开头)⑤层层递进(具体→概括 中心常在最后一段)

八、观点态度题

情感词:褒positive, enthusiasm, optimistic, approving, sympathetic, praisable, complimentary

贬negative, pessimistic, critical, ironic, sarcastic, skeptical, disgusted

中objective, impartial, impersonal, neutral 干扰词: indifferent, biased, contemptuous ①

口诀法:有客观选客观,没客观选乐观,没乐观选谨慎,没谨慎选惊讶 ②

中心思想法:寻找情感 技巧:①看清楚是问作者还是别人态度 ②作者观点态度常与中心思想有关 ③口诀法服从中心思想法④作者观点态度不极端 ⑤reserved+n.;partially+adj.;tempered+n.必正确 ⑥I hold,personally---表作者

九、语义理解题

1.命题规律:①一词多义②特殊词(符号/缩略词/拼缀词)③超纲词汇

2.方法:看选项词性(浏览选项)→代入→搭配→逻辑→跳跃(跳开本句,左顾右盼)3.选项分析:正确答案常为引申含义,错误选项常为表面含义

十、判断推论题(整体推论&局部推论)

1.问法:infer, imply, conclude, suggest, learn, know 2.方法:5→尾段末两句

1→首段首末句

2/3/4→上下夹看是否有独立段落

↘中心思想

↘中心思想 ↘中心思想 Ⅰ 题顺序

无顺序:主旨大意 作者态度 是非判断 顺序: 事实细节 语义理解 判断推论 Ⅱ 试卷做题顺序

a.阅读A(80~100min)→作文(60min)→新阅读(20)→翻译(15)→完型(5)b.作文(60min)→阅读A(80~100min)→新阅读(20)→翻译(15)→完型(5)Ⅲ 点面结合法(全读)①可防止乱序②符合阅读习惯③中心

步骤:1.1min通读5个题干(语义单词、3错1对、作者观点态度单词、加看选项)2.通读全文(7~8min)标记题干,上下段首末句

3.回读标记,选择答案(7~8min)

四原则:a.时间对等 读全文=做题 b.首段原则(关注首段,尤其是转折词之后)c.首末句原则 d.路标原则(离出题处不远的转折词、特殊标点符号)Ⅳ解的结构

⑴中心思想是解 ⑵some是解(sth , sb , certain ,some time ,some where)⑶趋势是解(trend to, tendency)⑷变化是解(convert, shift, alter, change)⑸重要是解(essential, significant, vital, improtant)⑹具体不是解,概括才是解

⑺简单不是解,复杂才是解 ⑻绝对不是解,相对才是解⑼别出心裁是解 ⑽出乎意料是解 ⑾内容积极向上是解 ⑿常识是解 ⒀本质是解(natural,origin)⒁50%求解(选项相反、相近)⒂特征是解(chatacter)

08年 主旨3 观态1 是非1 推论4 语义1 事实细节10 翻译

redguard.**

1.信(忠实原文)达(语言通达)雅(习惯修辞)技巧:不翻被动,换主语 ①硬翻 ②主宾颠倒 ③―是‖―有‖→实义 ④添主语 2.考研翻译―八荣八耻‖

以勇于亮剑为荣,以跳过不做为耻;

以直接翻译为荣,以通读全文为耻; 以忠实原文的直译为荣,以天马行空的意译为耻;以宏观把握为荣,以斤斤计较为耻; 以紧扣真题反复训练为荣,以盲目模拟为耻; 以给出一个译文为荣,以给出多个译文为耻; 以做到信达雅为荣,以通篇翻译为耻;

以写对中文汉字为荣,以写错中文汉字为耻。3.做轻重:重---谓语核心 轻---从、分、小

动性词←动词不定式,分词,介词,动名词 承载一个意群(动态意群拆分法)

4.步骤:①找出动性词 ②圈定动性词所辐射的意群范围(引导词、关系词、标点符号)③逐个翻译意群(切块翻译意群)④按中文表达习惯调整语序(调语序做勾联)词法翻译①语境②汉语习惯③词根词缀

1.词义选择---词无本义,意由境生(根据上下文or汉语表达习惯选择词义)2.中英思维区别:英式思维(直线性、重举例、重数据、自爱)

中式思维(迂回性、重说理、轻量化、博爱)3.词义引申:①抽象化引申 ②具体化引申 ③词性转化 4.定语从句:which, that, who要么做主语,要么是宾语

如果定语从句内容简单,信息负载量不大,可以提到中心词前翻译,引导词不需翻;

如果句子内容复杂,信息负载量大,要翻到先行词之后,独立成句,重复先行词。5.状语从句:when, while, that, for, although

从句引导词及从句本身一般都按字面翻译,整个从句翻译后与原文没多大区别。6.同位语从句:同位语从句中 that不充当句子成分

简单的同位语从句往往译成定语,放在名词前; 而复杂同位语从句往往独立成句,that→―:‖

一、并列结构:两个或两个以上的并列成分,有明显的连词或标点连接,翻译时常常需要重复并列成分.最常见的连词是:and, or, but, whether…or…, neither…or…, not only…but also

二、否定结构:

1.部分否定:指代词或副词,如all, both, every, everybody, every one, many,everything等与否定词not搭配使用,常翻译为―并非所有‖,all… not…―不全是‖;both…not…―并非两个都‖;not always―不一定‖,not ofen―不经常‖;not necessary―未必‖ e.g.The situation is not necessary.情况并非如此。

2.全部否定:never, no, not, none, nobody, nothing, neither, nor, not at all e.g.He is no professor.他根本不是教授。3.否定转移:

1)

否定的主语转为否定谓语

No energy can be created, and none destroyed.能量不能创造,也不能消失。

2)

主语的否定转为从句的否定

She did not come because she wanted to see him.她来了不是因为她想见他。3)

否定主句的谓语转为否定宾语从句的谓语 I don’t think that they must have arrived there by now.I don’t suppose they will object to my suggestion.三、比较结构的翻译 1.AS系列 1)As…as句型:同级比较,表示两者比较程度一样

She is as much interested in music as ever.2)Not so…as句型:跟as…as…相反的结构

3)Not so much…as…句型:与其说,不如说 = not only…but also… He was not so much angry as disappointed.4)Not so much as…句型:甚至没有,甚至不

He didn’t so much as ask me to sit down.他甚至都没有让我坐下。2.Than系列

1)

比较级+than to 不至于做

You have more sense than to dump him.你不会把他甩掉吧。2)

More than

More A than B :与其说,不如说

He is more good than bad.More than:

比…多 He more than smiled and laughed.她不仅笑,而且大笑。

She is more than kind to us.她对我们非常友好。

No more than: 既不…也不… He is no more/less a writer than a painter.他既不是画家,也不是作家。/他既是作家也是画家。

四、强调结构的翻译

1.倒装:还原倒装部分后直接翻译

1)

表语前置引起倒装:smart as you are 2)

否定词前置引起倒装:never will they give up the struggle for freedom.2.加助动词do: 加上―的确,务必,千万等词‖ We do have sufficient food and drink.3.it is … that 在被强调部分加上―就是,正是‖等词 it was professor wu that

五、插入结构的翻译:一般直接翻译,但如果修饰整个句子,提到句子前面翻译 1.adv.插入语: incidentally, fortunately, apparently 2.adj.短语作插入语: more important of all, worse still(更为糟糕的是),strange enough(令人足够奇怪的是)3.介词短语作插入语: all in all, in fact 4.不定式做插入语: to tell you the truth(老实对你说),to be exact(确切的说),sa to say(所以说),to be frank(坦率的说),to say the least of it(至少可以这样说)5.分词短语作插入语:considering, all things considered(从整体上考虑),allowing for(考虑到),judging from(从…来判断),putting it another way(换句话说),talking of(提到),taking all things into consideration(全面看来)6.主谓结构

The man, I think, doesn’t deserve your love.常见表达:I think, I believe, I guess据我推测, I’m afraid, It seems, It is said, It is suggested有人建议。

What we call做插入语

What we call, what we used to call, what is called, what the describe as, what can be called, what they regards.新题型

排顺序 ②七选五 ③找匹配 七选五: 做题步骤:①先看文章首段,通过阅读文章首段,把握文章主题 ②先阅读后面7个选项,以目标为导向 ③阅读全文并解题

④检验所恢复的文章是否有连贯性和一致性

三大法宝:①由点入面 如果两个可以衔接在的具有关联性和相适性的信息板块,其内容也同样具有千丝万缕的关联性和相近性,存在着许多彼此信息匹配的信息点,通过信息匹配点,判断整个信息板块间的关系

②以点串面 从庞大的信息板块内部确定能形成匹配的信息点通过分析找到的信息点推测两个板块之间是否具有相近性和关联性

③点面结合 上下通读确认是否有连贯性和一致性

1.上下文逻辑关系定位法 在七选五题目中,不论填空出现在段首或段尾,均可以分析和定位该填空上下文的逻辑关系,一旦定位出某种逻辑关系就意味着起着联系上下文作用的该填空必须填入表达这种逻辑关系的信息,这样才能将上下文联系起来。2.复现结构定位

相同词or 不同词 3.无关词排除法

通过在7个待选选项中定位出一些关键词,如果发现这些关键词和原文的主题信息明显无关,那么包含这些关键词的选项很可能和全文主题无关,这说明这些选项失去填回原文的资格(排除错误选项)

4.举例定位法: of these, of those, of them, among…, namely…

观点→例子

例子设置于原文中→上位概念选项 5.总分结构定值

6.时间地点数字的衔接关系定位法 7.指代关系定位法

动词切入点:1)看主语,注意主谓搭配

2)看宾语,看动宾搭配。看宾语是抽象n还是具体n.只能人做主语:believe, regard, think, be impressed by, intend, require, doubt 只能人做宾语:impress, assure of sth 只能物做宾语:ensure 要接具体n.: fasten(the belt), lable the bottle, feed the soil 要接抽象n.: enhance

3)及物和不及物

不及物v.:dispose off, cope with, approve of, speculate on/in, contribute to

4)根据动词后的介词及介词宾语

5)根据句中其他对动词构成限制性成分

名词切入点:①作主语时,谓语和表语线索

②作宾语时,谓语v是线索 ③根据名词前后的介词进行判断

④根据已有名词判断所选n:褒贬意义一致,正式语体一致 ⑤当n后出现从句或前出现adj该修饰成分为线索

形容词切入点:①adj做表语及系表结构时,要看主语和表语搭配的合适性,不是所有的adj都能修饰人or物 ②adv修饰的n,已经受到其修饰成分(另一个adj或从句)修饰要选择的adj要根据该修饰成分修饰 ③由adv修饰时,adv就是线索 ④adj直接修饰n,要注意他们的合适性。

表因果的词:because, for, since, ever since, as, thus, therefore, consequently, hence, accordingly, as a result, due to, because of, thanks to, in that, in response to

表转折的词:but, however, yet, by contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand, unfortunately, whereas, unlike, rather than, instead of,表让步的词:although, though, even though, even if, nevertheless, despite, in spite of 表并列的词:and, and also, or, neither…nor…, either…or…, in the same way, likewise, that is to say, similarly, equally, as well as 表递进的词:also, then, besides, in addition, additionally, furthermore, moreover, what’s more

完形填空

一、完型填空的误区:

1、很多同学认为完型填空就是语法词汇题

现在考试当中如果还考语法,就考定语从句或同位语从句。语法就准备从句:定语从句、同位语从句、状语从句。语法的变化较慢,词汇的发展较快。完型填空选择的是最佳答案,不是最正确答案。对词汇的把握不能只认识意思,不能只知其一不知其二,不能一叶障目不见森林,不能只知表面意思不知深刻意思。

2、很多同学认为完型填空需要背诵大纲中的5500个单词

背单词的理念:通过真题记单词。背诵真题,把握真题的理念:以真题为圆心,以努力为半径画完美的考研备考的圆。对真题把握的三个标准:1)翻开近十年真题,没有一个单词是生词2)翻开近十年真题,没有一个句子是长难句[好的准备长难句的方法:把真题中所有长难句归类。推荐书籍:《考研英语长难句与词汇突破》李玉技 编著]3)翻开近十年真题,要知道所有选项对错的原因

3、处理好模拟试题与真题的关系,真题是根本,真题是核心

学习过程中应该先做真题,后做模拟试题[建议:做阅读理解方面的模拟试题,做完型填空的模拟题意义不是特别大]

二、完型填空的备考思路

1、背诵近十年真题,要求大家背诵一篇240-280字的文章

2、背诵近十年真题中的所有选项,选项基本上体现了完型填空考查的范围 每个单词一定要知道对错的原因,知道每个单词的准确用法

3、把握解题技巧与方法,没有解题技巧指导的考研完型是比较失败的考研完型

4、背大批量的词组(搜索李玉技高频词组734)

5、适当的做一些模拟试题

三、解题技巧与方法

1、卷子发下来后,利用红花绿叶原则做题。红花词:某个单词在历年真题中每次出现都选 绿叶词:屡出现屡不选,屡不选屡出现 红花词:however yet although because 绿叶词:since ever since now that what if only, in case/lest, or else about, as to, with regard to, in/with reference to What有三大特点:1)what从句只能做主、宾、表从句2)what不能放在名词后3)what后面的从句不完整

涉及虚拟语气的词不选if only +过去式 [only if如果] 注意两个问题:1)红花绿叶原则能做对2-5个题2)红花词偶尔会失手

2、明白ABCD选项的规律

1)ABCD的个数都是4-6个之间,四个答案基本均匀分布2)完型填空中一般而言A较多 3)没有连续三个答案都一样的情况,连续两个答案都一样的情况是0-3个,前后答案彼此都不一样的情况是17-20个

4)在五个一组的答案中,至少要出现三个字母(此规律同样适合阅读理解)

3、完型填空文章的基本特点

1)首段首句一般不出题(2001除外),降低了文章的难度。除了首段首句外,基本上每一句话都要出题2)每篇文章都有明确的主题和作者的态度(态度重要)3)总分结构进行到底,降低了完型的难度4)逻辑关系非常明确

[五大逻辑关系:对立关系、因果关系、并列关系、总分关系、递进关系] 重点放在逻辑关系题

句子对应成分分析法:当你发现并列关系出现,尤其是两个句子互为并列关系的时候,那么在完型填空中,这两个句子就可以通过彼此一一对应的方法来获得答案。

复现关系解题法:就完型填空文章而言,如果某个概念出现两次或两次以上,它提法应当是一样的。

For example 1)表达的总分的逻辑关系2)在句子中是个插入状语,不是句子的必然组成成分。

同义原则:在四个选项中,当两个或三个实词互为同义词时,答案往往在其中。当两个或三个虚词互为同义词时,往往都不选。当四个选项有一个共同的意思时,该意思往往不能够入选。

引导省略式的状语从句的条件:1)从句主语与主句主语相一致2)从句必须是主系表结构3)省去从句中的主语和系动词;4)可引导省略式状语从句的连词:while、when、although、until、unless、if 表语题的解题方法:当表语是名词时,它和主语是对等关系;当表语是形容词或相当于形容词的词时,它和主语是修饰关系。

and题型的做题方法:1)句子对应成分分析法;2)选同义词法;3)可以选同一范围的词 although与but的区别:1)Although从属连词,引导的全部是从句,既可放句首,又可放句中。but并列连词,既可连接两个主句,也可连接两个从句,当连词讲时只能放句中,当其放句首时,是做副词用2)从属连词放句中时,前面一般不加逗号;而并列连词放句中时,前面逗号可加可不加

Indeed与furthermore的区别:

Indeed强调肯定前面的事实,一般不作更深刻的推理furthermore一定要从程度上加深意义 动词题解题的六种方法:1)看主语,注意主谓搭配的一致性(主要看主语是人还是物)主语必须是人的动词:believe、regard、think、be impressed by、inten、require、doubt 主语一般是物的动词:manifest 2)看宾语,注意动宾搭配的一致性

宾语怎样确定:(1)看宾语是人还是物

跟人作宾语的动词:assure、impress 跟物作宾语的动词:ensure(2)看宾语是抽象名词还是具体名词

只能跟抽象名词作宾语的动词:enhance只能跟具体名词作宾语的动词:fasten、label、feed既可能抽象也可跟具体名词作宾语的动词:tighten 3)从动词及物或不及物的角度出发做题

不及物动词:dispose、cope、speculate、approve、contribute有时及物和不及物搭配不一样4)根据主语和宾语的逻辑关系判定动词5)根据动词后的介词以及介词宾语判定答案6)根据能够对动词起到限制性成分来判定动词(一般指形容词)

名词题解题的五种方法:1)名词作主语时,谓语或表语就是信息线索2)名词作宾语时,谓语动词就是线索

3)根据名词前后的介词判定名词4)根据已有名词来判定已选名词5)当名词后面出现定语从句或同位语从句时,从句就是线索

形容词解题的四种方法:1)形容词作表语时主语就是线索2)由副词修饰形容此时副词就是线索3)当多个成分同时修饰一个名词时,答案就在修饰成分中4)当形容词修饰名词时,名词就是线索

副词题解题的三种方法:1)根据主旨做题2)同义原则3)根据时态来判断 做题顺序12步法 先看选项,再看文章

看选项:1)利用红花绿叶原则做题2)使用同义原则3)重点做逻辑关系题4)看文章,做好and题,and前后要么选同义词,要么选同一范围的词,要么用句子对应成分分析法做and题5)所有的not题6)表语题7)复现题8)动词题9)名词题10)形容词题11)副词题12)利用概率原则做题

做题方法:1)关键线索定位法2)句子对应成分分析法3)时间线索定位法4)生活常识解题法5)总分结构解题法 重要语法现象:定语从句 三个词引导定语从句的情况:

AS

1)as 关系代词,引导定语从句,其先行词可以是单词,也可以是句子。[先行词可以是句子先行词只有两个:which和as] 2)as引导的定语从句位置灵活3)在引导限制性定语从句的时候,as只能用在固定结构中,which却没有这样的限制。在引导非限制性定语从句的时候,用as表示主句与从句是顺承或一致关系,用which表示主句与从句是对立或否定关系。

THAN 1)than做关系代词引导定语从句2)than在后面的句子当中作主语 3)主句必须要有比较级

BUT

1)but做关系代词引导定语从句2)主句要用否定式 3)but相当于not—that或not who 写作

一、词 3~4种替换

①后词优先(高中+四级词汇)---短语类+长单词

important: significant, essential, crucial, critical, indispensable learn: attain, obtain, acquire, accumulate very: extremely, extraordinarily, unusually, largely ②短语优先

make: make up build: build up accumulate: pile up like: be fond of, be keen on, care for ③派生词优先

important: importance fond: fondness delight: delightful, delighted, delightfully satisfy: satisfied, satisfactory effect: effective, effectively ④名词优先

think: opinion, idea, notion, consideration, concern, assumption, presumption, argument eg.My(individual)consideration is that environment protection(conservation)is of extraordinary significance.二、句

同义转化+句子扩展

1.同义转化

eg.A对B很重要

A play important part(role)in B.A is to B what foundation is to a skyscraper / water to fish / heart to humans.A means / matters a lot / much to B.The significance of A should never be over looked / ignored / denied / neglected in B.A is / means everything / the whole world to B.2.句子扩展(1)词汇扩展

1)n.前修 派生形容词和复合形容词优先

poor→badly-off→underdeveloped→impoverished

后修 介修 in;on;from;at;of

分修 –ed;-ing

句修 名词+ing = 名词+which/ who do/ does/ is/are doing

the impoverish countries which lie in the third world

名词+ed分词=名词+which/ who am /is/are done

the measures which are taken by the government

2)adj.① adv修饰(情感类)②非常 ③一般

sincerely, truly, frankly, honestly, heartfeltly, heartily

surprisingly, shockingly, generally, roughly, virtually

强调副词:absolutely, definitely, undoubtedly 3)v.能用来修饰adj.的adv.均可用来adv.tips:使用v时,adv若想不起来可尽量generally类型,但adj前务必用adv,修饰(2)句子扩展

1)尽量使用分词

tips:小作文中,中间用Being a 身份 who 修饰-----表自己身份

大作文中,Interested in , Concerned about , Disappointed with

(小中,the reason being that ,大中尾),the consequence being that ,.tips:以上两句一定要用在―,‖之后,that之后跟句子

2)使用从句

①原因性从句 since, as, for on account of the fact that

by virtue of the fact that owing to the fact that

②结果性从句 so that with the consequence that

③条件从句

providing/ provided that, assuming/ assumed that

tips:位于句首引出句子,中间逗号隔开;位于句中引出句子可以不加逗号

④转折

yet, while, whereas

⑤让步 even though despite the fact that

inspite of the fact that

(3)篇章扩展

1)必须在文中使用结构衔接词

tips:小作文中间部分,大作文全部

2)注意使用代词的准确照应

tips:①使用代词时需照应离他最近的前文名词

②注意代词和该名词的性、数一致

三、分析学生最常见的语法错误 1)冠词错误

tips:①单数可数名词不能单独出现,前面必须要有a, an;

②复数名词可单独出现,前面不加冠词,但后面有后置修饰语时例外(+the)

③不可数名词可单独出现,但后面有后置修饰语时例外(+the)

2)并列结构:在一个句子中出现的并列结构的形式必须一致

The eyes of the Sammi are twice bigger than Lily’s(those of Lily).The person with(①who has)broad knowledge and rich experience is supposed to live a better life that the person who does(②without them)not.3)搭配错误

Many wild species have(been)extinct in the worsening natural environment.extinct-adj;extinction-n.die out-v.4)串句:在前后两个独立句子间必须使用连词来衔接句子,而绝不能用adv.小作文写作攻略

1.基本信息:商务信函和私人信函都以商务信函对待,题目中出现人名,必为私人信函 Dear Alice, /Dear Sir or Madam,正文使用缩进时,缩四个字母。三个段落

Yours sincerely, Liming 2.小作文操作口诀:首段直抒胸臆说目的 中间谦虚委婉讲理由 结尾真诚重述送祝福

Tips:3段为7句左右最佳,不能超过十句

3.开头:I’m writing this letter to you in order to do …/ with the purpose of doing …/ in the hope of doing…

Tips:目的词必须是亮点词汇,即符合―四词选择‖

The purpose of mine writing this letter to you is to do…

The reason why I write this letter to you is that I have a strong longing/ craving to do…

eg.(2005)The reason why I write this letter to you is that I have a strong craving to present my unwilling decision of resignation from my present job.TIPS: 1)使用简单句式时,词汇能多亮就多亮。2)使用复杂句式时,词汇可以退而求其次,但一定是越亮越好。中间必须用结构衔接词

1.a.Firstly, your R1 is the point I am mostly interested in/ concerned about/ disappointed with b.First and foremost, being a 身份 who , what I am most eager to express in this letter is R1, which actually impresses/ interests/ disappoints me greatly.c.In the first place, the R1,(I derive from 信息来源)is the most crucial information I am interested in.TIPS:中间部分的第一句话的表述,尽量使用中等长度,但词汇需要偏亮

2.a.Secondly, R2 is as well another aspect I have to pay my special attention to in doing(目的)in this letter.TIPS:使用时,R2必须用亮点词汇,且doing的表述方式必须和首段不同

b.Added to the first point(On top of the first point), the fact that R2(句子)is what I eagerly lay particular emphasis on, which proves to be fairly critical in this issue.eg.the fact that the opening hour of our library overly limited is the… c.In the second place, R2(名词), which is believed as the major point in this matter is also where we interest/ concern/ disappoint lies in.TIPS:该组句式复杂,故词汇可在某种程度上选择简单词,但务必注意词汇和句式要求 3.a.Eventually, R3(名词)is obviously the last element I have to put forward in writing this letter to 目的(动词).TIPS:务必使用亮点名词和动词形式

b.Last but, by no means, least, what I am deeply concerned about in offering my 目的(名词)is the one ,which a large majority of people focus on, namely R3(名词)

c.In the final place, R3(名词)is the last factor which matters/ determines/ means a lot in presenting my longing for 目的(动名).TIPS:①中间部分必须首先出现框架词汇(第一,第二,首先.etc.)

②可以对这9个句子进行随机组合,但最好出现1~2个长句,建议第二、三句

③切记简单句式使用亮点词

④练习时,从头到尾使用相同结构

结尾:a.My sincere gratitude proposal/ application/ complaints has/ have to be repeated and I truly hope that everything goes smooth with you.b.An early response/ reply to me will be obviously to my great delight / satisfaction/ surprise and I honestly wish everything to be smooth around you.c.Actually, I feel fairly grateful/ indeed for your kindness and attention and sincerely look forward to your quick/ prompt response.TIPS:①不允许出现任何语法拼写错误②务必使用亮点词汇③根据题目要求,可适当对模型中词汇进行改动。eg.(2007)

Dear Sir or Madam, The purpose of my writing this letter to you is to offer several useful/ essential suggestions for the service of the library of our university.First and foremost, being a student who spend most of my time in reading in our library, what I am mostly concerned about is opening hours, which actually disappoints me for the hours are fairly limited.Furthermore, the impatient attitude of employee is another aspect I put forward in presenting my proposal.Last but not least, what I am care about the development of our library is the one, which a large majority of student focus on namely the disappointing collection of books.An early response/ reply to me will be obviously to my great delight / satisfaction/ surprise and I honestly wish everything to be smooth around you.复习建议:1.把开头、中间、结尾最简单句式进行组合 2.进行亮点词替换

3.对小作文的中间①②③点进行任意一句长句替换

4.对最终形成的小作文版本进行真题套写,若字数不到80,增加复杂句式,若超过130,进行句式减肥。

黄金句型

1.It is … that …(使用1~2个)出现在大作文中间or结尾

eg.It is the establishment of harmonious relationship that will enhance the advancement of the society.2.倒数

A.so+ adj/adv +系/助动词+主语+(实义动词)+that+剩余部分 如此..以至于…

So grave/ serious is the environment contamination that wild species expanding numbers have been extinct/ endangered/ on the verge of extinction.B.adj.+ though/ as 主语+系词,主句

Effective as the government’s measures prove to be, there is still powerful/ potent…

C.Under no circumstances/ By no means/ On no occasions/ In no ways +助动词+主语+实义动词+剩余部分

绝不…

eg.On no occasions should on individual ignore/ deny the significance of setting up a harmonious society.D.Only when something is accomplished/ by this means/ in this way/ under this circumstance/ on this occasion +助动词+主语+动词

表预期结果

eg.Only by this means can the society be developed/ advanced/ propelled in a sustainable way.3.插入语(通常是第二、三段)主语和实义动词之间,用逗号隔开 adv.::

however, nevertheless, therefore, thereby, thus, generally adj.:

needless to say无需说 most important(of all)sure to say 介词词组:from my point of view, from my perspective, in my view, in my position, in my standpoint, on the contrary, in contrast.句子:

as I perceive it, as I see/ view it, I am sure/ certain, I believe/imagine/conceive 4.被选:虚拟 It is high time that sb.did sth.是…该做… 大作文攻略

一、1.时态为一般现在时

2.使用人称为第一人称I或第三人称(图画中的图像,内容),不许用you.3.必须分三段式:凤头、猪肚、豹尾 4.必须在结尾部分明确出现―我认为‖句式

二、复习方法

1.不限时写作,5篇左右,不修改不检查,但字数需上200.2.40min之内完成,5篇左右,修改语法错误,替换亮点词汇.3.30min之内完成,5篇左右,进行中间、开头、结尾的某1~3句的长难句替换,删除开头,中间,结尾所重复的内容。

4.努力记忆自己在10篇作文中频繁用到的,准确无误的词汇、句式、表达

三、逻辑思路

1.矛盾命题是灵魂,寻找积极意义是方向,开篇综述与分述(综述:图画的整体内容即图中英文or中文说明;分述:对图中细节内容描述,如若细节不描述,会扣3分左右)2.中间析因析果析趋势 3.结尾辨证比较给策略

四、写作方法(一)开头

1.物法a.The picture/ drawing/ cartoon/photograph/ line/ curve/ bar graph/ pie graph describes/depicts/ reveals/ illustrates/ demonstrates an interesting phenomenon of 英文注释/中文翻译/自我解读(n.,动名词)

TIPS:尽量体现准确的稍有难度的图画内容的词汇。使用题目中的英文注释时尽量替换词汇

b.The picture vividly/ clearly reveals the interesting phenomenon/fact that+句子

eg.that there existed/ lay/seemed/ appeared an obvious contrast between the different commercial fishing situation of 1900 and 1955.2.人法 a.It is vividly/ clearly/ symbolically depicted in the picture that+综述

b.As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, 句子(综述)

c.What is vividly depicted in the picture is that 句子(综述)3.单图分述:

sb.In this picture, sb.can been seen doing sth.eg.In the picture, a charming foreign girl can been seen/viewed wearing a piece of Chinese traditional/national costume smiling.sth.In this picture, sth in the drawing can been seen/ viewed advertising its ridiculous promise to the public.TIPS:单图描述时,图中人与物务必带上个人色彩的修饰,该修饰词汇能亮则亮,不能亮则可以使用第一反应词,第一段最少写两行半。

4.双图分述:In the first drawing, 单图例句。On the contrary, we can see / recognized / identify 内 容。

eg.In the first drawing, only a single commercial ship was floating/drifting on the sea while countless/innumerable/uncountable fish was swimming happily under the sea in1900.On the contrary, ninety-five years later, the number of ships over the sea was countless whereas only a lonely and poor fish was viewed was swimming under the sea.TIPS:1.开头部分中,单图分述时,语法务必正确,词汇务必闪亮,信息务必详尽。

2.开头部分中,双图分述时,尽量注意两个图描写时的句型差异。

3.注意加入情感元素(悲伤,孤单,骄傲…)

(二)中间----第一句话揭示寓意

1.a.直抒寓意 The purpose/goal/aim of this picture is to convey the message/implication that 寓意(句子)

eg.The purpose of these two pictures is to convey the message that providing that commercial activities stimulated by alluring profits fail to be controlled, the natural resources will be subjected to an immense loss.b.自问自答 What profound message/implication is mirrored/reflected in the picture above? Evidently/Of course,寓意(句子)

eg.Of course, some children who usually grow in the favorable conditions,(like flowers in the greenhouse,)are mostly likely to be frustrated(or even thoroughly damaged)in great difficulties(in adverse conditions).c.承上启下

In frankness, the phenomenon reflected by the picture above is really a complex and complicated one, which should be analyzed in a practical and rational way, 寓意

。2.原因:a原因(名词)is normally considered as the factor contributing to this issue.TIPS:该原因必须使用亮点词汇且有修饰最好

eg.Too much love and care poured by their parents are normally…

The mutual assistance and affection in an individual’s overall development

b.A large majority of people claim/maintain/show their insight that this issue has to be dealt with carefully, the reason being that 原因(句子)

TIPS:该原因句最好用简单句完成,词汇尽量闪亮,但不许出语法错误。

3.结果:As a consequence, a/an disappointing/delightful/admirable phenomenon will be definitely born out, which is that 结果(句子)

eg.The loss of family responsibility in the young generation is normally considered as the factor contributed to this issue.As a consequence, a disappointing phenomenon will be definitely born out, which is that the aged/senior/elderly people in general will hardly seek out a person even among their own children to rely on and therefore live in a merciful way.4.趋势:Assuming that this tendency tends to grow in the society, some positive/negative influence/significance will be undoubtedly resulted.TIPS:此句话要视中间段落的长度而定,同时注意positive和negative的选择。

(三)结尾

In conclusion, what I discussed/argued/claimed above is considerably significant from my personal perspective is the determine in offering a satisfactory solution.TIPS:策略的表述务必准确地道靓丽。可采用动词不定式、动名词的形式表达策略的内容。It is this strategy that has caused/attracted much attention from both the government and the public.So serious this issue/argument is that nobody shall ever overlook the necessity of dealing with it in a most efficient way.Only by this means can/will the society/human races/human being/nature/mankind/the young/the youth/the youngster/the elderly develop/advance/grow/survive in a sustainable/harmonious/wholesome/spectacular manner.大作文复习TIPS:

1.在所有给出的可选择的句子中,挑选自己较为熟悉和擅于运用的句式框架,进而组合成完整的开头、中间、结尾的三段式模块;

2.使用该简单框架时对08年以前的5年作文进行信息套入,结束后检查句式语法错误; 3.依然对上面所练的5篇文章内容进行亮点词汇替换,并对任何一个部分中所出现的重复句式重复短语进行删减or替换;

4.只使用修改后的句式框架以及亮点词汇对真题or模拟题(3篇左右)进行完整套写; 5.考试前主要阅读自己最终所写的篇章版本,对其中的亮词,亮句进行深化记忆。

词汇链接

重要:significant, crucial, essential

非常:considerably 关于:with reference to, as regard

获得:attain, acquire 也:as well, meanwhile

如果:proving that 结果:consequence

发展:advance, advancement 快乐:delighted, delightful, pleased

不能:fail to 著名:prestigious, celebrated

大:immense, titanic 认为:claim, argue, maintain

能力:competent, competence 可能:perhaps, be likely to do

上进:aggressive, aspiring 尽管:even though, despite, in spite of

许多:quite a few, a large number of, a large amount of, a colony of + 聪明:intelligent, quick-written, talented 不许出现:good, bad, things

关于09年的热点话题

一、奥运的积极意义:

1.提升中国的国际形象 promote the international image of China increase the international position/ranking in the world 2.大幅改善了城市的基础设施建设,进而方便了人们的生活

improve the establishment of the infrastructure in the urban area and thereby make it more accessible for the local people to enjoy the convenience and variety.3.促进了中国与其他不同文化人民间的交流以及大大提高了中国传统文化在国际社会的认可度和知名度

enhance the mutual/reciprocal communication between Chinese people and those from other culture and largely improve the popularity and recognition of Chinese tradition culture in the international world/community.二、个人成长

1.优良品质的培养 cultivation of fine qualities of a person persevering坚韧 persistent坚持 competent能力

cooperative and competitive合作与竞争 tolerant and sympathetic宽容与同情

2.来自于社会、家庭和个人的共同努力 the joint/corporate efforts/endeavors distributed by the society, family and individual.3.身心健康的和谐发展

a harmonious and satisfactory development both bodily and spiritually.三、经济

1.潜在经济困难和经济危机

potential economic pressure and crisis across the globe 2.在严峻的局势下,中国政府和公众展示了极大的决心和信心

in such an adverse financial situation, both the government and the public have manifested strong resolution and confident to conquer the possible recession.3.如此成果主要归功于政府的有效举措和社会各部门的配合

新东方中级口译内部讲义笔记5 篇4

2)No one at corporate was asking the right questions.It was completely hands-off management , a runaway train.公司层面没有人在真正的管事,完全是放任自流的管理,是一匹脱缰的野马。

3)The new entrepreneurial culture encourages the “loose and tight” environment.That is to combine tight controls with max individual authority to allow entrepreneurship to flourish without the culture edging into chaos.新的企业文化提倡张弛有度的企业环境,也就是将严格的控管和最大限度的个人权限结合,从而使企业家精神/才能/创业精神能够充分发挥,同时企业文化也不至陷入混乱 1,理解亚洲国家---1)我们要学会如何理解陌生的文化习俗,礼仪规范 we shall learn to interpret different cultures , customs and etiquette patterns.2)作为企业的领导人,CEO必须能理解会计数据。As CEO of the company, you should interpret the accounting data.3)眼下由于SARS的肆虐,我们必须进行大规模的宣传教育,这样潜在病人就可以理解自己的症状

given the SARS outbreak/epidemic/plague, we need to launch an educational campaign, thus the potential patients can interpret their symptoms.(latent 病情潜伏的)2,我们准备增进与亚洲和---合作we are /stand ready to step cooperation with Asian countries.(be prepared to do通常表示不好的,诸如我们不准备接受讨价还价we are not prepared for any counter-bid/bargaining)1)加强我们的相互信任和合作 build up our mutual trust and cooperation 3,制定了相关的法律 make/formulate relevant laws 1)台了一系列措施。我们缺乏严格的法律监管 put in place a set of measures,we don’t have powerful laws in place.(we lack the supervision of powerful laws-加强执法 step up law enforcement有法必依the laws shall run the course.)2)国家有关外资企业的法规the state laws and regulations concerning/governing foreign companies 我想借此机会介绍国家有关外资企业的法规,国际关系准则 I would love to say something about the state laws and regulations governing foreign companies,principles concerning/governing international relations.I want to focus on the principles that underlie the relationship between New Zealand and the PRC.我想重点讲讲(dwell on sth—I have come here not to dwell on a closed door past 我来中国不是为了强调闭关锁国的过去)中新两国关系的知道原则

These are the underlying reasons for the success of our agricultural sector.这些才识我们农业部门取胜的深层次原因

4,进行了重大的改革(政府换界governmental reshuffle政府重组 reorganization/transform governmental functions)(国有企业的改组改造—reorganization and technological upgrading)1)我公司正在进行重大的改革our company is undergoing big reforms/ a big restructuring 2)优化出口商品结构 rationalize the export mix 3)沿线地区的能源结构,产业结构都会发生很大的变化 the energy infrastructure facilities and industrial mix all along the pipe line will be greatly improved 5,一体化中前进 make progress /forge ahead/march forward in integration 1)亚太经合组织不断发展,东亚区域合作方兴未艾,上海合作组织顺利运转(the APEC is making constant progress, regional cooperation in east Asia is developing in full swing/ running its course, shanghai cooperation organization is functioning smoothly)2)They are confident that its long-term prospects remain bright as the ultimate potential of the information age hasn’t run its full course.他们确信长远的发展前景依然明朗,因为信息时代方兴未艾。(信息时代最终前能的发挥还有些时日)

1,your Excellency 1)阁下your honor/Excellency 2)殿下your highness /Excellency 3)陛下your majesty 2,thank you for you kind words感谢你热情洋溢的欢迎词“nice”

1)感谢您的盛情款待/盛情邀请 thank you for your gracious hospitality and invitation 2)借此机会,我想代表全团成员以及以我个人的名义向您表示由衷地感谢,感谢您为我们做出的特殊/周道的安排和盛情款待。On this occasion/taking this opportunity, I would love to , on behalf of all the members of my delegation/group and also in my own name, extend to you our sincere thanks/gratitude for your special arrangements and gracious hospitality

3)以经济建设为重点(优先发展经济),逐步拓展全方位合作

Efforts should firstly be given to economic development and then extended to other areas/ we should center our efforts on economic growth and then extend into other areas/ we should give priority to economic growth and then extend our efforts to other areas.立足现有的合作渠道,不断扩大合作范围(work from/optimize the existing channels,expand/extend to other areas)

卓有成效的引导国家在过去几十年打下的良好基础上,朝向新的高峰前进

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