即兴英语演讲(精选7篇)
Ad see no end to the landscape, new objects presenting themselves as we advance; so, in the commencement of life, we set no bounds to our inclinations. nor to the unrestricted opportunities of gratifying them. we have as yet found no obstacle, no disposition to flag; and it seems that we can go on so forever. we look round in a new world, full of life, and motion, and ceaseleprogress; and feel in ourselves all the vigor and spirit to keep pace with it, and do not foresee from any present symptoms how we shall be left behind in the natural course of things, decline into old age, and drop into the grave. it is the simplicity, and as it were abstractedneof our feelings in youth, that (so to speak) identifies us with nature, and (our experience being slight and our passions strong) deludes us into a belief of being immortal like it. our short-lives connection with existence we fondly flatter ourselves, is an indissoluble and lasting union-a honeymoon that knows neither coldness, jar, nor separation. as infants smile and sleep, we are rocked in the cradle of our wayward fancies, and lulled into security by the roar of the universe around us0we quaff the cup of life with eager haste without draining it, instead of which it only overflows the more-objects prearound us, filling the mind with their magnitude and with the strong of desires that wait upon them, so that we have no room for the thoughts of death.
关键词:即兴演讲,输出能力,模式,思维
引言
英语输出能力是英语教育工作者和英语学习者共同关注的一个问题。然而输出能力的培养并不容易, 尤其是有些地方的英语基础教育还是以哑巴英语为主, 这极大地阻碍了输出能力的培养。对于进入英语专业的学生来说, 提高他们的英语输出能力迫在眉睫。英语即兴演讲因其快速分析、反应和表述能力等诸方面的要求, 使其成为提高输出能力的一个有力武器。
一、英语即兴演讲
即兴演讲, 是在事先并没有做任何准备的情况下, 自发或被要求立即进行的当众演讲, 是一种不凭借文稿来表情达意的口语交际活动。英语即兴演讲的成功与否主要取决于以下几个方面:
(一) 演讲者知识储备及心理素质
演讲者平时要注意广泛阅读, 扩大知识面, 同时, 加强心理素质的准备, 加强思想道德、情感信心等各方面的修养。英语即兴演讲对英语能力的要求是比较高的, 要求具备较大的词汇量、较强的英语语音和口语能力。
(二) 快速思维技巧
即兴演讲者必须具有较强的快速思维能力, 这实际上就是一个快速创作、打腹稿的过程, 具体说来, 要经过观察、抓话题、确定观点、通篇构思 (形成框架) 、确定关键词、组织语言、表达等一系列的思维过程。
即兴演讲的框架可以按照如下模式来展开:时间模式 (以历史—现实—未来为线索展开) ;以小见大模式 (从具体事件入手, 最后得出结论) ;以大见小模式 (从事件的大背景和大道理入手, 揭露事物的实质) ;比较模式 (对两事物进行对比论述) ;总分模式 (将事物分成不同方面加以论述) 。
(三) 英语语言方面的要求
在英语的运用方面, 要求用词准确、语法正确、语言组织有序、语音语调正确合理、节奏与停顿到位、语言流畅、交际能力强。交际能力强是指在遇到不会的生词时, 可以绕过它用不同的方式表达出来。
二、英语即兴演讲训练对英语输出能力的作用
Krashen (1981) 指出, 可理解输入是语言习得的关键, 它强调语言输入 (i) 的意义必须为习得者所理解, 同时输入的语言形式或功能应超出现有水平 (i+1) 。Swain (1985) 在输入假设的基础上提出了“输出假设”, 该假设认为, 除了必要的可理解输入外, 学习者必须有机会使用所学的语言, 这样才有可能达到流利、类似母语者的水平。此外, 教师的推动 (push) 可以促使学生进一步分析目的语的语法、结构以及用法, 因而能产生超越目前语言能力 (i) 的效果, 即“i+1”的输出, 也就是可理解输出。英语即兴演讲训练就是一个说写结合的可理解输出过程。
英语即兴演讲训练是在老师的组织引导下进行的。笔者将这个训练放在英语专业精读课的前5分钟。首先由老师给出即兴演讲的题目, 然后给学生2-3分钟的准备时间, 这期间要求学生仔细审题、确定观点, 之后进行框架构思, 可以用关键词记录整个演讲的提纲, 但不可以用完整的句子。时间一到马上停止, 老师随机点名上台演讲。
英语即兴演讲训练实质上是两种输出能力, 即说和写的结合。我们直接看到的是学生的口语表达, 但在口语表达的背后, 隐匿着作文构思的全过程。学生在两三分钟的时间里进行了快速构思训练, 这是一个思维非常高效的运转过程, 课后学生要马上把提纲扩充成一篇作文, 进行笔头输出训练。毕竟即兴演讲的限时性决定了说出来的内容还不那么精细, 结构也不太严密, 语言也不可能十分准确, 所以在经过书面作文之后, 学生把要说的话变成文稿, 对腹稿进行加工润色, 写出来的演讲稿会比之前的腹稿提升很多。这种先说后写的即兴演讲训练方式锻炼了学生的快速构思能力、快速语言组织能力, 英语交际能力。同时, 这种即兴演讲的超短时准备和训练为学生提供了一个英语强化输出的环境和场所, 同学们还可以从别人那里学到自己所欠缺的思想、语言、自信等等;另外, 每个人演讲过后, 老师都会对该生的各方面表现进行评价, 对语言输出中的问题会着重点评, 对写出来的演讲稿老师也会精心批改点评。老师的有力推动更加促进了学生i+1的语言输出能力。
三、结语
英语即兴演讲训练作为一种口笔头并重的语言输出方式, 为学生提供了很好的输出平台, 在老师的推动下更加促进了学生的语言输出质量。但因学生的语言能力各不相同, 不可以在语言方面一味地做横向比较, 要更加注重学生的纵向进步, 这样才有利于增强学生自信心, 切实提高英语输出能力。
参考文献
[1]Swain, M.Communicative competence:Some roles of comprehensible input and comprehensible output in its development[A].In S.Gass&C.Madden (eds.) , Input in Second Language Acquisition.Rowley, MA:Newbury House, 1985.
关键词: 初中英语 即兴演讲 创设情境 精选话题 拓展要点
保持学生的学习激情和内在动力,引导学生在生意盎然的课堂上大胆表述和积极交流,是提高其英语表达综合运用能力的有效途径。教学实践证明,给学生搭建和谐的学习平台,让他们在民主、平等的情境下,主动展示自己的才能,不仅能有效激发他们的内在学习动力,而且能够使得他们在自主学习中获得深厚感知。运用即兴演讲的方式优化课堂教学,能使得学生在全面预习和整体理解的基础上,有效归纳总结学习心得体会,让他们在自我展示的过程中增强学习的激情和潜能。
一、创设情境,让学生自由表达
即兴演讲是学生对学习内容的认知加工,是语言信息的转换生成。多为学生提供可自由表达的情境,引导他们在主动表达中尽情展示自己的才华,更能够开阔他们的认知视野和思维。教师创设一定的情境外化推动学生积极演讲,更利于他们获得深刻体验。
在创设情境中,应以化解课程知识难点为契机,创设相应的表达情境。例如,在译林版八年级上册Unit 5“Wild animals”的Reading A“Giant pandas”教学过程中,针对学生对大熊猫喜欢的特点,多给他们搭建自由表达的空间,鼓励他们就“The characters about different growth of giant panda”进行演讲,根据出生、幼崽、成年等各个时期不同的状态,引导学生运用一句话予以表达,让他们获得更多感知。在此基础上,建议学生发挥想象,假如你就是一只可爱的大熊猫,请以“What do I want to say the human?”为话题,表达自己的思想情感。通过这样的情境创设,能使得学生将阅读感知主动转变思想感知,帮助他们更加积极主动地进入课堂教学过程,满足他们的多样化学习需求。
在创设的相应情境中,应多结合学生的学习认知和思想情感,从他们关心的兴奋点和认知兴趣点出发,多给他们提供与教材相似的情境,帮助他们在不断拓展的过程中获得更多体验。以这样的形式活化课堂教学资源和过程,能使得学生在主动尝试的过程中带着问题思考,带着感悟主动走进课堂。让宽松自由的情境成为课堂教学的主要情感基调,更利于学生脱口秀和才华展示,深化理解。
二、精选话题,让学生找点表达
为学生提供相应的表达话题,鼓励学生就这些话题找出其中的精彩之处,让他们在不断转变思维的过程中主动拓展和深入感知,更利于他们激发强烈表达愿望。引导学生根据相应话题,快速思考主动表达,能更好地体现即兴演讲的高节奏、短时效的特点,让他们获得更多感知。
教师在教学中通过精选话题的形式,引导学生有针对性地演讲,为他们的表达明确一定目标方向。如,在八年级上册Unit 8“Natural disasters”的Reading A“An earthquake”阅读教学中,可根据地震发生的原因、过程等,建议学生就“What do I know about the earthquake?”作前期性表达,让他们在获得更多阅读学习思维灵感的基础上主动表达。建议学生根据课文中提到的相关内容,围绕“If you meet the earthquake,what are you going to do?”和“How do we protect ourselves in the earthquake?”等话题进行即兴演讲,让学生主动表达自己的阅读感知。
以这样的方式活化教学过程,能使得学生对文本内容有更为全面的感知印象,便于他们在实践中有效灵活运用。创设的话题,一方面,应该体现课文表达主旨,让学生在相关或者相似的话题中能够敏锐地发现其中的表达要素,帮助学生强化感知,另一方面,能使得学生在不断拓宽视野的过程中积极主动投入,让学生在充分发挥自身主观能动性的基础上形成更为全面的感知。
三、拓展要点,帮学生丰富想象
丰富学生即兴演讲,引导他们在发挥自身想象思维的基础上主动表达,更利于他们增强认知感悟能力,有效拓宽认知视野思维。即兴演讲,能使得学生在脱口表达中形成严密的逻辑思维和丰富的语言表达情感,帮助他们更好地、有针对性地灵活运用素材。
拓展要点的过程,就是学生不断丰富想象思维的过程。例如,在八年级下册Unit 2“Travelling”的Reading A“A trip to Hong Kong”教学中,不妨要求学生结合文章表达内容,想象自己就是一名导游,围绕“How do you want to introduce Hong Kong for your visitor?”和“How many stories do you know about Hong Kong? ”进行主动表达,让学生形成更为丰富的想象思维。通过这样的要点眼神,不仅能使得学生的即兴演讲更加丰满,而且能够使得学生的认知思维情感更加清晰,更利于他们提高语言表达技能。
教师在指导学生进行即兴演讲的过程中,不妨要求学生转变思维,用换位思考的方式主动进入情境、角色,要求学生自己创设某个话题,深入思考交流。同时,多运用自由竞争的表达,引导学生模拟国际辩论赛的形式相互竞争,增强学习的动力。
总之,即兴演讲能使得学生在最短时间内主动调整学习思维状态,通过快速思考把握学习内容,总结归纳为自己的认知,使得他们在认真演讲的过程中激发学习感知思维。即兴演讲能给学生更多自我展示的机会,让他们在主动表达中调动多种感官,帮助他们提高英语表达综合运用能力。
参考文献:
[1]教育部.全日制义务教育英语课程标准(实验稿)[M].北京师范大学出版社,2011.
[2]王莉.英语演讲比赛中即兴演讲部分的元话语分析[D].齐齐哈尔大学,2011.
[3]陈晓琳.浅谈如何培养学生的英语演讲能力.中国科教创新导刊,2011(08).
Should parents set limits on Internet access for their teenage children?Smoking should be prohibited completely in all countries.People have been alienated by the Internet.Science is a threat to humanity.Sex education should take place at home.Should photos of pickpockets be pasted on the windows of buses as a warning for passengers?
China should restrict private ownership of automobiles.Historic buildings should not be sacrificed to make room for urban development.Product placement(植入式广告)should appear in Spring Festival Gala.Fireworks should be banned in cities all the time.“Lady first” is an outdated concept.Pets should be allowed in university dormitories.“Ant tribe”(蚁族)should go to smaller cities.The use of animals in sports should be banned.Corporal punishment on children is justified.China should impose drinking age limit.Great movies or TV series should be followed by sequels.We should welcome genetically-modified foods.Government officials should reveal their property information to the public.Teacher’s pay should be based on his/her students’ performance.China should continue to adopt real-name system for railway
transportation.Museums should be made free.Zoos should be banned.The divorce procedure should be made more complicated.Fines should be made relative to wealth.The preferential policy for students from ethnic minority groups in college entrance examination should be abolished.Advertising aiming at children should be restricted.Violent sports should be banned.Condom vending machines should be allowed on university campus.1.Junk food should be taxed.2.We should not protect a dying language.3.Image of children should be prohibited in advertisement.4.Cyber manhunt(人肉搜索)should be made illegal.5.China should ban the production and sales of tobacco.6.International Working Women’s Day should be cancelled.7.Cultural relics should be returned to their countries of origin.8.Gambling should be legalized in areas afflicted by economic recession.9.Who need more care in our society, men or women?
10.Men and women should retire at the same age.1.Universities should abolish the practice of cutting off electricity at dormitory at night.2.P.E.class should be made elective in universities.3.English Band 4 and Band 8 Tests should be abolished.4.High school students should be allowed to choose their major after entering
universities.5.The enrollment quotas of college entrance examination should be based on the
population of each province.6.Celebrities don’t have rights of privacy.7.Chinese calligraphy should be made a compulsory course to all primary school students.8.Classical Chinese should be made a compulsory course to all university students.9.Advertisement degrades people’s quality of life.1.Disquiet over student drivers“有车族”驶入校园,是喜还是忧
2.Cars should be absolutely forbidden on campus 校园内应禁止行车
3。Should a teacher dress well elegantly or gracefully so to attract attention?
4.Shall we diet to keep fit or diet to keep healthy?
1.should parents set limits in internet access for their teenage children? why? 三分钟英语即兴演讲范文(2).agree or disagree: there is nothing that young people could teach old people.2.should pets be allowed in university dormitories? in my opinion, by no means should pets be allowed in dormitories.to be honest, ive been thinking in my mind to have a pet in my dorm.lovely pets will bring much joy to our daily life.but i eventually didnt do that.why? because it is something selfish and irresponsible.dormitory is a place where several people live together.to a certain degree, it is a public plac 三分钟英语即兴演讲范文(3)1.agree or disagree: museums should be made free.in my eyes, museums of course should be made free.we know that, as a part of culture, museums restore many culture relics.these are typical symbols for a certain times.as a citizen of our country, it is necessary and natural to learn our past history.recent years, more and more museums are open free to the public.i couldnt agree more with it.free museum will greatly motivate all kinds of people to approach.whats more, in this fast developing age, museums have many new and advanced invents inside.it will be a wonderful place for people who want to learn more.parents can often take their children to museums to learn about history and some technical knowledge.in a word, i think government should try to make more museums free for citizens.2.agree or disagree: zoos should be banned.nowadays, lots of people start to realize that zoos are not a good place for animals.people need zoos because it is an easy way to close the animals and also because its convenient for people to observe them.however, zoos are in fact a cruel place for animals.animals should live in their natural habitat.an animals natural instinct is to run and to hunt.but thats not for animals kept in zoos.everyday, people feed them.theyve never been taught how to hunt for food and will gradually lose their natures.that will be quite cruel for a animal, especially for wild animals such as tigers and lions.you can often find in zoos that a tiger kept in cage has a loose expression in its face.we set animals in zoos and therefore feel that they wont meet danger and may be able to protect them from dying out.this may be just a excuse we find for ourselves to make animals in cages just as entertainment.we always say animals are our friends, then why we put our friends in cages? 三分钟英语即兴演讲范文(4)1.agree or disagree: advertising aiming at children should be restricted.i disagree.its fair to advertize to children even children are always said to be unable to distinguish between reality and fiction, between entertainment and advertising.a supposed consequence of advertising is that children are being persuaded to demand things that they dont need and to adopt consumerist values and attitudes in their formative years.however, its up to the parents to determine what should and shouldn抰 be bought for their children.children need to know how to see these ads and realize how a certain product would affect them and thus balance out the pros and cons and see if its in their best interest.in my opinion, the parents as well as the world need to stop babying children and let them learn lessons for life, because certain things cant be restricted well.temptation is always at childrens side.they have to learn to resist and make responsible decisions.2.agree or disagree: junk food should be taxed.1.agree or disagree: universities should abolish the practice of cutting off the electricity at dormitory at night.i agree with it.as a student, i should say, university shouldnt cut off electricity at dormitory at night.the original intention for university to cut off electricity is to ensure our rest for some students will stay up very late if there is nothing to limit them.however, these students are minority.most students have regular timetable.what抯 more, we are now already in university, i think we shouldn抰 be treated like high school students any longer.especially in summer hot days, no electricity at night would be a nightmare to all students.we cant fall asleep without electric fans.i cant just imagine that.universities should think more for their students and trust their self-control.2.some say music training in college is unnecessary, while others do not believe so.what is your opinion on this issue? 三分钟英语即兴演讲范文(6)1.some people like to do only what they already do well.other people prefer to try new things and take risks.which do you prefer? 2.some say military training at college is necessary while other disagree.whats your point of view on this subject? why? 三分钟英语即兴演讲范文(7)1.what qualities do you think a friend should have to continue the friendship? use specific reasons to support your idea.2.some people say college degree begins to lose shining while others do not think so.whats your point of view on this subject? why? 即兴演讲
在一下题目中,将随机分配给您一道题进行2分钟的演讲,系统会提示您有一分钟准备时间,如果您准备好了则可以直接开始录音.1.where are you from? please introduce your hometown to us.1、你从哪里来?请给我们介绍一下你的家乡.2.as english teacher, you may introduce your country to the world.imagine you are with your new foreign friends, and please introduce your country to them.2.作为英语教师,你可以把你的国家介绍给世界.假设你是和你的新外国朋友,请介绍一下你的国家.3.as english teacher, you may introduce chinese culture to the world.please tell us about a traditional festival in china.3.作为英语教师,你可以把中国文化介绍给世界.请告诉我们关于中国的传统节日.4.as english teacher, you may introduce chinese culture to the world.please tell us about 2-3 typical chinese cuisine(food).4.作为英语教师,你可以把中国文化介绍给世界.请告诉我们2-3典型的中国菜(食物).5.please introduce your favorite place of interest in china.5.请介绍一下你最喜欢的感兴趣的地方在中国.6.please describe a special custom or festival from your hometown.6.请描述一个特殊的定制或从你的家乡的节日.7.if you could meet a famous film star, pop singer or athlete, who would you like to meet? why? 7.如果你能遇到一个著名的电影明星,流行歌手或运动员,你想谁见面?为什么? 8.what is your favorite foreign festival? 8.什么是你最喜欢的外国节日? 9.what advices can you give to people who just start learning english? 9.你能给什么建议人们刚刚开始学英语的? 10.if you are a student in primary school, what kind of teacher do you like? 10.如果你是一个学生在小学,你喜欢什么样的老师? 11.which place do you want to travel to next time? why? 11.你下次想去哪个地方?为什么? 12.what is your favorite foreign food? 12.你最喜欢的外国食物是什么? 13.what’s your favorite animal, and why? or do you have any pet? please tell us your story.13.你最喜欢什么动物,为什么?或者你有什么宠物吗?请告诉我们
你的故事.14.do you think students should study abroad? 14.你认为学生应该出国留学吗? 15.tell us about your favorite class in this training.15.告诉我们你最喜欢的课程培训.16.who is your favorite teacher in this training? 16.谁是你最喜欢的老师在这个培训吗? 17.你在这训练取得的最大成就是什么?请分享你的故事和我们在一起.18.do you think there are lives on other planet? why? 18.你认为其他星球上有生命吗?为什么? 19.if you win 10 million rmb with a lottery ticket, how will you spend it? 19.如果你赢了1000万元彩票,你怎么花呢? 20.what do you do in your leisure time? 20.你做什么在你的空闲时间? 21.what is your favorite book or movie? 21岁.什么是你最喜欢的书或电影吗? 22.do you have any motto? what is your favorite saying? 22.你有座右铭吗?你最喜欢什么说什么? 23.do you have any hobby? why do you like it? 23.你有什么爱好吗?你为什么喜欢它吗?篇三:英语即兴演讲经典题目 1.now in the age of the internet, reading books does not seem as important as it once was.do you think people can learn as much on the internet as they can by reading books? which method do you prefer? 2.its been said that technology creates more problems than it solves and may threaten or damage the quality of life.is this statement reasonable? what problems does technology bring us? use specific examples in your answer, please.3.literature is a significant part of human culture and some say it can help form aesthetic taste.however, is it necessary for everyone to read poetry, novels, and other types of imaginative literature? 5.do you agree that the people who make important contributions to society are generally not those who develop their own new ideas, but those who are most gifted at perceiving and coordinating the talents and skills of others and please give examples to illustrate your views.6.most people agree that buildings represent a valuable record of the past for any society, but controversy arises when old buildings stand on ground which modern planners feel could be better used for modern purposes.in such situations, should modern development be given precedence over the preservation of historic buildings so that contemporary needs can be served? 7.it is often asserted that the purpose of education is to free the mind and the spirit.however, formal education tends to restrain our minds and spirits rather than set them free.do you think university education should be more open-minded and free? and what aspect of your university life should be improved? 9.strict laws are important for the security of our society, but there are many cases of injustice based on rigid laws.should laws be fixed or flexible? please explain your vies with examples.11.which qualities do you look for in a boyfriend/girlfriend? 12.what would be your major consideration in choosing a job and why? 13.what is more important in your career, to make money or to be satisfied with your work? 14.which is more important for you: knowledge from books or personal experience: 15.if you could live in a different time and place, what time and place would you choose? 16.what is your view on public displays of affection such as kissing on campus? 18.do you think married couples have a better life without children? 20.could you please tell us, in your opinion, what makes life worthwhile? 21.are we allowing the internet to intrude too far into our private lives? 22.do we need so many television channels? 23.is it time to scrap the may and october golden week holidays? 27.do you think people today are any closer to achieving a peaceful and harmonious future or harmonious world than confucius, who lived 2000 years ago? 28.should bargaining be outlawed and traders be required to advertise a fixed price for what they sell? 29.should it be left to university students to balance their private lives and their studies? 30.can the sacrifice of modesty in the interests of achieving success be justified 31.what do you think is more important for a child, a happy childhood or top marks at school? 32.who should be the focus of investment in sport, the general population or potential olympic champions? 33.are boarding schools a good idea or are students better off at home? 34.should peking opera remain true to its roots or change with the times? 35.does modern society place too much emphasis on physical beauty? 36.should beijings historic main avenue be open to all, big cars and small cars? 37.is it right for major cities to lift the ban on firecrackers? 38.is a dependent husband a role model or a cause of embarrassment? 39.should beijing introduce a congestion charge to encourage drivers to use public transport and leave their cars at home? 40.who should take responsibility for the poor diet of children, fast-food restaurants or parents? 41.is the olympic ideal still relevant today? 43.is beijing a better or a worse city, as a result of the disappearance of the hutongs? 44.are retirement homes the answer in caring for chinas aging population? 45.if you could invite one historical figure to dinner, who would that be? what would you want to discuss with him or her? 46.if you could choose one thing that china could share with the rest of the world, what would that be? 47.should postgraduate study be a means of improving job prospects, rather than pursuing academic interests? 48.is it right that success in the sporting arena should open doors to a career in entertainment? 49.do you think big cities need more public transport instead of more private cars? 50.do you think that pretty female students have an advantage in job interviews? 51.do the benefits of the internet for students outweigh the potential harm? 52.should the yuan ming yuan, also known as the old summer palace, be restored? 53.do you think schools, including primary schools, should permit students to carry mobile phones? 54.do you think a policy of not allowing visitors on campus will harm a universitys image? 55.is the risk of exploitation too high a price for children to pay for fame? 56.whats more important, job satisfaction or money? 57.which attribute is more important for an olympic champion, technique or mental strength? 58.which is better for the arts, private investment or government funding? 59.with about 4200 languages spoken worldwide, would it be more convenient if a universal language were adopted? 60.do famous people deserve constant public scrutiny, or should they have more protection from intrusive reporting? 如何应对即兴演讲
来源:21英语网 作者:stephen lucas(《为成功而演讲》)日期: 2010-09-19 到目前为止我们讨论了适用于各种公众演讲的普遍原则。现在我们来看即兴演讲,也被称作临场的、即席的或是无准备的演讲。在“21世纪杯”比赛中,选手们完成已备演讲之后作即兴演讲。下面是往届比赛中出现过的一些即兴演讲题目:
如果你可以生活在另外一个不同时间和地点,你将如何选择?对你来说哪种知识更为重要:书本上学来的还是从个人经历取得的?
你认为中国人世将会对这个国家有何主要影响?
大学生能否结婚?
如果你是人大代表,你对政府有何建议?
你会发现,即兴演讲题目的话题涉及面很广,包含从个人到政治,从校园热点到时事等各个方面。在“21世纪杯”演讲比赛的各个环节中,即兴演讲最具挑战性。它考验你独立思考、迅速、透彻地分析问题以及在毫无准备的前提下用英语进行有效交流的能力。因为所有选手都有充足的时间准备已备演讲,所以在这部分比赛中他们通常表现出色。但是到了即兴演讲部分很多人就变得言语结巴了。因此你若想取得前几名的成绩,就必须在即兴演讲中取得高分。
即兴演讲对于使用母语演讲的学生来说都是件难事,对于使用第二语言演讲的学生来说就更是费力了。然而,它为你以后走出校门步人社会提供了极好的锻炼机会,因为到那时很多情况下都需要你立即清楚、有力地表达出自己的观点。
无论你在哪里演讲,成功的即兴演讲最重要的因素都是缜密的思维和有条理的组织。在比赛中,你有三分钟时间发表即兴演讲。首先确定你要阐述的两至三个主要观点,然后简明、清楚地加以讨论。必要时使用实例、数据或证词来支持你的观点。因为很多即兴演讲题目都是在问你个人的观点,你可以在演讲中充分利用自己的经历。最重要的是,一定要避免漫谈和重复。阐明一个观点之后就接下去谈下一个。你可用“第一”、“第二”、“第三”这样的路标来明确每一个新观点的出现,以方便观众理解。当你的演讲接近尾声时,要用简练的话语作结,并为观众的关注表示感谢。
当你发表即兴演讲时,无论内心多么紧张也要表现得冷静、镇定。回顾前面谈怯场时我们曾提到:尽管你内心紧张得发抖,观众看到的只是你的外显行为。如果你在演讲中发错音或忘记了思路,不要恐慌,即使你犯一个小错误,观众很有可能无所察觉,你只需像什么都没发生过一样继续你的演讲。如果有一个较大的失误,你只需大胆地说:“对不起,我的本意是说??”等等诸如此类的话,之后继续你的演讲。马丁·路德·金发表《我有一个梦想》这一演说的时候也有过三次失误,但他并未理会这些过失,而观众始终关注的也只是他所要表达的思想内容。像已备演讲一样,在即兴演讲部分你也要练习与观众保持眼神交流,避免有声停顿。你打磕巴、思索恰当词语的次数越少,那么你看起来就越加完美、自信。如果你能够有一个让观众听起来清楚、稳重的语速,在演讲的过程中始终保持沉着、冷静,那么你将有更大的机会赢得评委们的好感。
尽管比赛前你不可能知道即兴演讲的题目,但这并不意味着不到上场前你就无从准备。当你准备好参赛,就可以请指导教师给出一些例题,你来练习当场发表即兴演讲来作答。在演练的过程中,尤其要注意我们前面提出的所有建议。练习的初期阶段录下自己演讲的声音,以检查自己语言的逻辑性、清晰性、连贯性以及发音的准确性。在练习的后期,你可用摄像机录下自己的表现,确保自己看起来自信,始终保持眼神交流,避免分散注意力的手势或习惯动作。下面我们给出一段非常好的即兴演讲的例子,是2002年比赛的冠军选手孙宁当时所作的演讲。他即兴演讲的题目是“假如你是中国第一名登月的宇航员,你可以在月球上留下三件物品,那么你会留下哪三件?”
谢谢!如果我是中国第一位登上月球的宇航员,我会带下列三件物品:首先,我要带一个玩具,更确切地说是一个小型的玩具熊猫。熊猫是我们中国的国宝。众所周知,我们中国的自然环境、生态环境以及自然气候是得天独厚的。大家也都知道四川是熊猫最佳的天然栖息地。当你看到熊猫那滑稽的外表,憨态可掬的举止,你会发现它有着温和的习性。它同其他物种相处和谐,和大自然和平共处,这些都是我们需要向大熊猫学习的。
其次,我会带一件手工艺品,那就是传统的中国绘画。我小的时候学过几年传统中国绘画,所以我希望这幅画是我画的。在我学画画的时候,我就知道留意画中蕴含的东西更为重要。在典型的中国绘画中你也可以看到一首诗——通常是用隽秀的中国书法书写而成,此外上面还会有一个印章。中国绘画通常是临摹秀丽的中国风景。
最后,我想带一张世界地图。也许你们中间有些人会感到很惊讶,为什么不是中国地图呢?从各方面而言,我知道自己是一个中国人,然而我也意识到了在这个世界联系日益密切的时代,我们还是世界的公民。我不能把我的视线仅仅局限在中国国界中,我要把目光放远,我也应该清楚我们国界以外的海洋和陆地也是广阔的。走出国门去了解它们对于我们来说是很重要的。我的讲话完了,谢谢!上面一字不差就是孙宁当时演讲的原稿,你可能发现到他在措辞中犯了一些小错误,但整篇演讲内容清晰、思维连贯、组织有序,以至于没有人会注意到那些细小的错误。读这篇稿子的时候,请注意孙宁是如何一开始便明确他要带上月球的三件物品。之后,演讲的过程中,他又这样引出所选的三件物品: 首先,我要带一个玩具,更确切地说是一个小型的玩具熊猫。
其次,我会带一件手工艺品,那就是传统的中国绘画。
最后,我想带一张世界地图。
这样的结构组织简明、清晰。孙宁将三个主要观点阐述得清楚、简洁,在三个观点上分配了几乎平等的注意力。在整个演讲的过程中,他从没有徘徊不前或偏离主题。他给人的印象是一个很好地控制自己思维的自信的演讲者。的确,即使这篇演讲由一位母语为英语演讲者创造,也称得上是非常出色的。当然,针对不同的题目要有不同的回答。但任何一位演讲者针对任何主题发表即兴演讲,其成功的基本要素都是一样的。如果你能牢记我们所讨论的成功要素进行练习,你将有更大的机会在即兴演讲中取得成功。
从辩论题目和作文题目看即兴演讲的解题范围(1)1.13many teachers assign homework to students every day.do you think that daily homework is necessary for students? use specific reasons and details to support your answer.(2)1.14是否要在繁忙时间对繁忙路段课税(3)1.19 agree or disagree: most people often let others make decisions for them rather than make decisions by themselves.(4)1.26speaking important or writing important?(5)2.3看电视比看书学的多(6)3.3because people are too busy doing many things,they can do few things well.(7)3.4intodays world, the ability to cooperate well with others is more important than before.agree or not(8)3.10老师给学生自信比教专门知识更重要(9)3.23你喜欢看严肃题材的电影还是商业题材的电影?(10)4.21电影和电视[movies and television]对年轻人的行为方式[the way young people behavior]主要是消极的影响。给出理由。(11)4.29there are so many events happening everyday in the world, we dont have to know(12)5.18it is better to spend money on something that lasts for a long time, such as an expensive piece of jewelry or spend on something that provides a short-term pleasure such as a vacation?(13)5.19教师是否应该获得跟doctors,lawyers,business leaders一样的收入(14)6.920years from now, people will have more leisure time篇四:英语即兴演讲 绝招十八条精彩奉送
英语即兴演讲
绝招十八条精彩奉送 [导语]
1、讲演的战略战术上;
2、细节的问题上;
3、关键词上;从此,讲演水平提高了,语言表达的质量加强了,说话也更加有信心了。
绝招一:排比的运用
排比是一种写作修辞手法,也是一种普遍应用的演讲技巧。排比是用句法结构相同的段落、句子或词组,把两个或多个事物加以比较,借以突出它们的共同点和不同点。很多时候,排比的段落或句子是以一种递进的方式排列,营造出一种雷霆万钧的气势,同时琅琅上口,富有乐感。
绝招二:用词准确
寻找恰当的词是没有绝对的法则的,但通常最简单的词、最具体、最能生动地引起感官反应的词语是最佳选择。尽量少用形容词和各种限定词,着重实意动词和名词的使用。平时多查阅字典,一本好的分类词典会对你有很大帮助的。
绝招三:亲切感
使用第一人称i而不是one,使用简单生动的主动语态,而不是复杂乏味的波动结构,这样好像是演讲者自己直接和观众说话,拉近了双方的距离,促进双方的相互交流。
绝招四:应对意外
一般来说,演讲时可能遇到三种倒霉事:
1、结巴。不用掩饰,否则会更加失态。相反,停顿一下,笑一笑,把这个句子再说一次,再继续说下去。
2、技术故障,如话筒出了问题等。等待人员修理,或者冷静发言。
3、事实错误,如把珍珠港事件说成是1941年9月7日。在合适的地方停下来改正错误,不要急躁而导致精力分散,出现更多错误。绝招五:巧妙引用
明智地使用引语能给你的演讲增色不少,扩大权威性,增强说明力。在引用名家的话语或文章时,要注意遵循四条原则:
1、引用材料尽量简短、选择与演讲主题相关的部分;
2、使引用的材料有机地成为演讲的一部分;
3、不要重复引用,除非特别强调;
4、引用准确,不要断章取义。
绝招六:语调的抑扬顿挫
演讲时的语调的起伏不仅能使演讲更生动,而且还能传达演讲者丰富的感情信息。试想如果
总是用一种平板的语调,不仅演讲者本身显得无精打采,听众也会很快产生疲倦厌烦的心理。一般来说,升调传达着激昂的情绪,如兴奋、愤怒、谴责、疑问;降调则表达灰暗的情绪,如悔恨、伤心、失望和郁闷等。本篇演讲就是善于运用语调的变化的优秀范例,抑扬顿挫折,张弛结合,尤其是后半部分,通过语调的激越高亢以及反复的手段,将演讲推至最高潮。
绝招七:脉络清晰
在交流过程中产生误会的可有性是很大的,因此,有一个清晰的确良结构和流畅的阐述是成功演讲的必要因素之一。除了开头尾阐明主题之外,还要有一二三个分论点来进一步展开阐述。牢记演讲的结构,必要的话,可以在开头就阐明演说的脉络,并在演讲中不断提示听众,还可以相应地使用各种图表和设备以加深听众的印象。
绝招八:俚语的使用
俚语可以让演讲生动活泼,也可以使演讲陈旧过时。如果不太熟悉最新的俚语,会让演讲者本身显得与时代脱节。慎用俚语。如果使用一个效果不错又形象生动的俚语来表达你想表达的内容,效果会好很多。但要注意千万不要使用带种族色彩和淫秽的俚语。
绝招九:使用身体语言
身体语言包括人的面部表情、手足动作、作立姿势等。这种无声的语言不仅会传递信息,而且会影响到交流的各方。演讲时,表情要自然,面带微笑,不要紧张得面部肌肉都僵硬子;眼睛要直视听众,与他们作眼神的交流;在演讲时适当地加入一些姿势,以强调你的讲话但不要过分夸张。
绝招十:正确发音
发音正确、清晰、连贯、优美是吸引听众的最有力的法宝。英语和美语有许多地方口音,这
是不值得模仿的。发音不准会引起误解,影响演说的效果。尤其要注意区别以下几个音:/ /。其次,要注意在正确的位置连读。
绝招十一:幽默的运用
幽默不仅是生活的调味品,也是调节演讲气氛的好佐料。但幽默并不是在任何时候任何场合都可能随便用的,如果用得不恰当,反而会收到适得其反的效果。演讲时,可以说一说与主题或观点有关的趣闻趣事,或者与自己有关的一些滑稽小故事,千万别仅仅为了逗乐听众而说一些离题千里的笑话,或者含沙射影,让听众觉得有一种被侮辱的感觉。
绝招十二:押头韵
头韵(alliteration)也是一种修辞手法,即在一个词组或一个诗行中有两个以上彼此靠近的词,其开头的音节或其他重读音节具有同样的字母或声音,以达到强调的效果。如第六段的diverse和dynamic,south bronx和southern tier,brookiyn buffalo,montaukt 和 massena,开头字母的发音都是/d/,/s/,/b/或 /m/,这为演讲带来一种节奏感和韵律美。
绝招十三:事前准备
在战场上,知已知彼方能百战百胜;演讲也不例外。首先要客观地了解和评估点自己,选择适当的演讲题目;其次要根据主题搜集材料,并将这些材料按一定的顺序排列;最后设定讲稿框架,尤其是精心设置演讲的开头和结尾。与前面的演讲不同,比尔·盖茨的这篇演讲是一篇商业演讲,主要是为微软作宣传,通过对dns系统未来的描述来记听众了解微软将在未来计算机领域所起的作用。他的选词造句的要求没有政治演讲的高,也没有复杂、深奥的词汇,但他的演讲脉络清晰,主题明确,看出是事前做好了充分准备的。
绝招十四:设备的使用
随着科技水平的提高,各种各样的现代化设备,如vcd、录影带、投影仪等都能为听众带来直观的视觉和听觉享受。
绝招十五:语速的把握
确定讲稿后,可根据内容以及自己的特性来确定语速。语速不仅有天生的因素,也可以通过后天的刻意训练来改变。一般来说,语速不要太快--因为会给人一种紧张的感觉,也不要太慢--显得迟钝沉闷,能找到自己说起来比较舒服,同时也适中的语速是最好的。本篇演讲的语速稍稍有些嫌快,若不是演讲者的幽默活跃了全场的气氛,还真有些显得太过急促。
绝招十六:作好即兴演讲 即兴演讲是演讲者在事先无准备的情况下,就眼前的场面、情境、事物和人物即席发表的演讲。由于事先没有准备讲是最能看出演讲者的综合素质,尤其是应变能力的时刻。即兴演讲要靠平时的积累一台下刻意训练,台上听其自然。另外,要弄清楚即兴演讲的主题,否则,开口就离题万里,说得再好也白搭。其次,在脑海里迅速拟一个大致的提纲,避免泛泛而谈。最后是不要急躁,不要慌张,保持镇定。
绝招十七:音量的控制
演讲时声音的大小是最能反映演讲者是否自信的一个因素。一个小若蚊虫、大家扯着耳朵都无法听清在哼唧些什么的声音,是绝不会与自信扯上关系的。当然也不用扯着嗓子说话,否则不仅容易失声,也会显得失态。让在场的每一个人能清楚舒服地听到你的声音就可以了,一些特别的句子或词语可以加重以作强调。也许是由于录音问题,本篇演讲的声音偏小,显得有些有气无力。
绝招十八:节奏的把握篇五:英语演讲比赛即兴演讲最佳模版
1、How to show patriotism?
2、How do Chinese usually celebrate birthdays?
3、What will you do if you can not find a job after graduation?
4、What are the ways to relieve pressure ?
5、As for the ability and diploma, which do you think plays the more important role in securing a job?
6、How to balance study and activities in school ?
7、What do you think the importance of teamwork?
8、What do you think of Chinese fever?
9、What do you think of Quality Education?
10、The prevalence of western festivals in China11、Is it necessary to attend training classes?
12、College Students and the School Library13、How to improve college students’social skill?
关键词:即兴演讲口语表达快速构思
所谓即兴演讲,就是在特定的情境和主体的诱发下,自发或被要求立即进行的当众说话,是一种不凭借文稿来表情达意的口语交际活动。对中学生来说,即兴演讲是一项很有意义的活动,它对学生将会产生积极而又深远的影响。
从目前来说,即兴演讲对提高中学生的口头表达能力和水平有重要作用,通过训练能够使学生形成快速作文的能力。即兴演讲要求学生当众讲话,这样就要求学生具有良好的心理素质。所以从长远的角度来看,进行这方面的训练可以培养学生的心理素质,有助于学生建立当众表达观点的能力。使得学生在今后的生活中能大方地进行社会交往,勇于表达自己的观点。认识到了即兴演讲的这些特点和意义后,我在我所教的班级开展了即兴演讲课的教学工作,每个星期上一节即兴演讲课,并且收到了一些实效。
一、关于命题
考虑到要激发学生的参与热情,我在上课前的一两天在学生中间征集演讲话题。因为话题来自于他们,所以话题内容很鲜活,学生也会比较感兴趣,而且有话可说。在上课时,我会在这些话题中抽取其中的一个作为我们当堂课演讲的中心话题。
二、关于评价
课前我会出示活动评价标准,标准如下:
这样的评价标准能使学生明确成功的演讲所必备的要素,同时有效地引导学生明确优秀作文的标准,使得学生能在今后的考场作文中按照这样的标准进行写作。
三、关于活动
活动分成两部分:抽签汇报和自主汇报。
四、准备阶段
我按照学生的座位把学生分成4组,在这4组中开展比赛。这样做可以尽可能地激发学生的参与热情。学生们为他们所在的组取了有趣的名字,如逆袭队、冲刺队、翔龙队,还有最霸气的战神队。课前,我们将各组的名字写在黑板上,以便在课堂上随时计分。
上课伊始,我将抽好的话题写在黑板上。因为学生没有进行过这方面的训练,我会在公布话题后给学生5分钟的时间进行准备。这5分钟内学生要确立好话题的中心,要能围绕中心选材,确立好表达的顺序。我要求学生在纸上列上发言提纲,其实这就是在培养学生快速构思作文的能力。
五、抽签汇报阶段
学生在自行准备5分钟过后,我会利用抽签的形式确定每个小组做汇报的同学。起初,很多被抽到的同学都极不情愿地走到讲台前,发言时怯怯的,表情极不自然,表达得语无伦次,甚至有些学生上去后不知道该说什么。但随着训练的深入,不少学生战胜了胆怯的心理,能大方地表达自己独特的观点了。在学生演讲过后,我会组织全班同学进行点评,点评到位的同学将会给他所在的组加分。这样学生们会认真倾听演讲者的发言,同时他们也会依据评价标准给出合理的分数,知道如何进行言之有物,言之有序地表达。在全体同学的监督下,我们会根据评价标准酌情给演讲者打分。通常,我和学生们的标准会不谋而合,这说明学生已学会了如何做出较客观的评价。
六、自主汇报阶段
总会有表达欲望比较强烈的学生,为了鼓励这部分学生,使之能力得到进一步提升,我设置了自主汇报这一环节。我尽量做到各组均衡提问。机会均等有利于活动的顺利开展。在这个环节中,表达能力强的学生有了展示风采的平台。如刘俊赫同学在“创新”这个话题上,旁征博引,举了大量的事例,在座的同学们听了无不啧啧称赞。柏昊杨同学的演讲以语言丰富见长,她的演讲足以看出其平时阅读量的广博。经过连续几个星期的训练,班级内又涌现了一些后起之秀,如王任博、王佳佳、李洋等同学,他们起初对于展示活动跃跃欲试,但不敢轻易尝试,在看到其他同学的汇报后,同时出于集体荣誉感,他们最终迈出了勇敢的第一步,并且获得了同学们的认可。
值得一提的是,每周的即兴演讲课,学生们都上得热血沸腾,常常是下课铃打响了,还有学生想要展示,同学们都舍不得下课。
后来,我想能不能将即兴演讲课的话题延伸到课外。于是,我要求学生围绕当堂课的话题进行写作。当我提出这个想法的时候,学生都表示赞同,而且积极性很高。此外,我还布置学生阅读有关该话题的文章,这样来增加他们的阅读量,同时也拓宽学生的创作思路,增强了学生看待问题的深度。
即兴演讲课提高了学生的口头语言表达能力,激发了学生的写作兴趣,培养了学生的快速作文的能力。这些都是我和我的学生们的点滴收获。但对于即兴演讲课,我还有几点看法:
(1)学生们在课下应广泛阅读。俗话说:“巧妇难为无米之炊。”即兴演讲的成功与否,在于学生是否有新颖的素材,是否有极富感染力的语言。如果没有素材即使观点再鲜明,那么论据也不会充分,如果缺乏富有感染力的语言,那么演讲也会显得格外苍白,所以学生应广泛开展课外阅读。(2)在上即兴演讲课的同时还要教授学生快速组材的技巧,如将平行并列法、纵向扫描法、正反比较法、层层递进法等方法传授给学生,让学生能在有效的方法指导下,学会快速作文,能力得到提高。(3)将即兴演讲课与作文课并行推进。要求学生围绕当堂课的话题进行写作,利用师生互评与生生互评相结合的方式,就存在的问题进行有针对性的点评。这样可有效提高学生的写作能力。
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