bec真题总结
TEST1 ： Part 2:
1、marketing
importance of advertising slogans in promoting a brand or product..广告标语对宣传品牌和产品的重要性
2、information management
importance of keeping staff informed about company policies and plans
让员工了解公司政策和计划的重要性
3、purchasing
how to achieve and maintain good relations with all suppliers
怎样取得和保持和供应商的良好关系
Part3: your company proposing send a team of staff abroad six months to set up an office and train local employees.Recommendations for that.公司拟派员工出国开设分公司或机构培训当地员工，提建议。
1、how to select appropriate staff to manage the project
怎样选择合适的员工
2、what preparation and advice the staff would need before leaving
员工出发前应该做哪些准备，得到什么建议
Follow: 在国外短期工作有什么优势，在国外工作会遇到什么问题，在国外工作怎么获得信息，国际交流频繁对公司运作的影响，公司在国外开分机构多重要
TEST2 Part 2:
1、Time management: the importance of planning work time effectively.有效安排工作时间的重要性
2、project development: how to ensure inter-departmental co-operation on new project
怎样确保各部门之间在新项目中的合作
3、purchasing: how to evaluate and select new projects
怎样评估和选择新项目
Part 3: finance director of your company is concerned that the majority of its income comes from one main client.recommendations on expanding customer base.财务主管担心主要收入来自一个大客户，所以想扩大客户群
1、what the potential dangers are of having only one main client 只有一个大客户的潜在危险
2、how the company could try to gain additional clients
公司怎样才能拉到客户
Follow :一个相对较小的客户群的好处，除了好的客服以外怎么才能巩固和客 户之间的关系，跨国企业怎么长期让客户高度满意，怎样应对日益激烈的竞争
TEST 3 Part 2:
1、Product promotion
how to make effective use of the media when promoting a new product or service.怎样有效利用媒体对新产品和服务进行宣传
2、Information management
importance of an effective internal communication system in a company.一个有效的内部交流机制的重要性
3、Technology
the factors involved in assessing the cost-effectiveness of new technology
对新技术成本有效控制的因素
Part 3: Pharmaceutical company you work for keen to participate in an international conference abroad.recommendations about participation.你工作的医药公司想出国参与一个国际会议，提建议
1、how to select staffs to represent the company at the conference.怎样选择员工
2、what practical arrangements should be made before the meeting.会前准备
Follow:是否愿意参加国际商贸会议，国际会议对公司有公司有什么好处，对员工有什么好处，对举办城市有什么好处，你认为会议对商务交流有持续影响吗
TEST 4 Part 2:
1、Personal skills
how to motivate employees to achieve their full potential 怎样激励员工发挥潜能
2、Project management
Importance of teamwork for effective management of a project 团队工作队项目有效管理的重要性
3、Health and safety
how to develop a responsible attitude among staff to it 怎么树立员工对健康安全负责的态度
Part 3:
1、your company has been invited to take in a trade fair, which will take place during the busiest time of the year.You have been asked to decide if staff should be there.公司应邀在一年中最忙的时候参加交易会，决定去不去
1、what the advantages and disadvantages are of attending it.去的有利和不利方面
2、which members of staff would most usefully represent a company at it.哪些员工最能代表公司参会
Follow:参会有趣吗，参展公司怎么布置展台吸引游客，对展会来说最合适的产品和服务是什么，有哪些将公司产品推向国际的其他方法，交易会对当地就业有多重要
第三辑 TEST1 Part 2:
1、Customer relations
importance to a company of reliable customer opinions of products
顾客对产品的信赖对公司的重要性
2、Staff development
importance to a company of developing effective career plans for staff
对员工进行有效的职业规划对公司的重要性
3、Business strategy
how to maintain the confidence of company shareholders
怎么样保持股东信心
Part 3:
Your company’s location in a busy city centre means the staff often complain about the time taken to get to work.Recommendations.公司位置在市中心，员工抱怨上下班时间，建议
1、whether it would be better for staff to use public or private transport.乘坐私人或者公共交通工具是否更好
2、what the effects might be of allowing staff to work flexible hours 让员工灵活安排工作时间有什么影响
Follow:你愿意每天花很长时间上下班吗，公司是否给予交通补贴，什么会影响公司选址在市中心的决定，科技对今后人们工作地点的影响，改变员工工作时间和地点会带来哪些长远的影响
TEST 2 Part 2:
1、Quality control
importance to a company of monitoring the quality of its goods and services 对产品和服务监控的重要性
2、Information management
how to ensure information is managed effectively
怎样确保信息管理的有效性
3、Financial planning
the factors involved in deciding on appropriate pricing strategies 要制定合理的价格策略要考虑哪些因素
Part 3:
Your company is about to take over another company and keen to encourage staff from both companies to work together effectively.Prepare proposal for team building
接管另一个公司，要让两个公司员工在一起有效工作，建议
1、what kinds of work projects and leisure activities would be suitable to encourage teamwork
什么工作项目和业余活动能促进团队合作
2、what kinds effective teamwork could bring to the company.团队合作的好处 Follow:在一个好的团队中个人所获的益处，一个工作团队最好多少人，你认为公司既需要个人主义者还需要团队工作者吗，让全体员工作为一个整体融洽工作是所有员工或者说是公司的责任吗，对公司进行长远规划时应该对团队打造做多远的考虑
TEST3 Part 2:
1、Staff relations
importance to provide a range of facilities for all staffs
公司对员工提供设施的重要性
2、Technology
importance to regularly upgrade its technological equipment
经常升级技术设备的重要性
3、Strategic planning
factors involved in managing change effectively
有效的应变管理要考虑哪些因素
Part 3:
Company is considering funding a regional educational project for 16-18 years old students interested in following a business course.recommendations for the schemes.公司投资当地教育，让有兴趣的年轻人学习企业课程，建议
1、how the project could be used to promote the name of the company
怎么利用这个项目宣传公司品牌
2、how to monitor the progress and outcomes of the project
怎么检测这个项目的结果和进展
Follow: 什么方法更能广泛传播公司品牌，公司怎样选择年轻人来这个教育投资项目，参加培训项目对年轻人有什么好处，公司对教育项目的投入重要吗，国家范围内对商业人士的培训有多重要
TEST 4 Part 2:
1、Customer service
importance of providing effective after-services for customer
售后服务的重要性
2、Purchasing
importance of maintaining personal contact with potential suppliers
和供应商保持联系的重要性
3、Recruitment
how to ensure that the advertising of job vacancies is effective
怎样保证对空余职位的广告宣传有效性
Part 3: Your branch has been identified as having the lowest turnover of staff.Suggest ways in reducing turnover in other branches.你所在部门员工换手率最低，建议如何在其他部门降低换手率
1、what the reasons for high staff turnover in a company might be
造成换手率高的原因
2、what effect high staff turnover might have on future methods of selecting staff
今后怎样考虑选择员工
Follow: 在一个换手率很高的部门员工会受到什么影响，高换手率会影响客服吗，高换手率对公司也有好处吗，公司招募新员工进现存团队有好处吗，在以后员工跳槽会越来越频繁吗
第二辑 TEST 1 Part 2:
1、Customer relations
importance of making customer feel valued
让顾客觉得有价值的重要性
2、Company growth
importance to a company of controlling expansion
掌控扩大发展的重要性
3、Marketing
how to ensure that agents maintain a high level of effectiveness when representing a company
怎么样确保代理人保持对公司的高度代表性
Part 3:
Your company planning to introduce a suggestion scheme and encourage staffs at all levels to contribute ideas.Consider ways of setting up the scheme.公司拟定了一个计划，想让全体员工建言献策，考虑制定这个计划的方法
1、how to set up the scheme so that all staff feel they can contribute 怎样制定这个计划才能让所有人感到他们能参与进来
2、how suggestions from members of staff could be evaluated.怎么评定员工提出的建议
Follow:什么类型的公司最受益这种计划，公司还有哪些其他方式激励员工对公司发展建言献策，让员工更多参与公司活动的其他方法，公司获取顾客建议和评价有哪些渠道，新点子对公司保持竞争力有多重要
TEST 2 Part 2:
1、Communication skills
importance of foreign language training for selected employees
外语培训的重要性
2、Advertising
how to select a suitable agency to handle a company’s advertising
怎么选择合适机构来进行广告宣传
3、Finance
how to decide whether to float a company on the stock market
怎样决定公司是否上市
Part 3: Company needs to relocate several members of staff to a new branch opening in another part of the country.You have been asked to submit ideas on how to make relocation attractive for staff.公司需要在其他城市的分部重新安置新人员，提出观点怎样让新地点吸引员工
1、which types of financial incentives the company could offer to staff 公司应该对员工提供哪些财政激励
2、what information staff could need to know about the new location 公司员工应该知道哪些新址的信息 Follow:重新安置的员工还需要哪些帮助，怎样鼓励不愿意重新安置的员工进行安置，选择分公司的位置对公司有什么影响
TEST 3 Part 2:
1、Personal management
importance to a company of having well-motivated staff
积极主动的员工对公司的重要性
2、Strategic planning
how to decide whether to purchase or rent company premises
怎么决定是否购买或者租用厂房
3、Sales
how to ensure price levels for new products are set appropriately
怎样确保合理定价
Part 3:
Company consider providing a fitness center on premises to help employees improve their health and fitness.Recommendation for the scheme.公司考虑在公司用地建一个健康中心，建议
1、what benefits the center would bring for the company
健康中心给公司带来哪些好处
2、how to promote the need for health and fitness to all staff
怎样促进所有员工的健康
Follow:公司的健康设施在全体员工那里都受欢迎吗，员工要付费使用吗，保持员工身体健康的其他方式有哪些，对员工家人也应该提供这方面的服务吗，这是员工所关心的合理的福利待遇吗
TEST 4 Part 2:
1、Market research
importance of finding out about customer’ habits and attitudes.发掘客户喜好和态度的重要性
2、Financial management
how to identify ways of reducing costs in a company
怎样确定降低成本的方法
3、Communication
how to achieve an effective working relationship between different departments within a company
在不同部门间怎么形成一个有效的工作关系
Part 3:
Considering setting up an incentive scheme to improve staff performance.Recommendations for that.公司正计划激励机制来改进员工绩效，建议
1、what benefits an incentive scheme for staff would bring to the company.员工激励计划给公司带来哪些好处
2、what types of incentives could be offered 可以提供何种激励
根据BEC阅读句子填空的出题思路，解答这一类题型所需要掌握的关键点为：充分利用各种衔接手段。下面我们就以BEC真题为例，具体谈谈如何利用词汇衔接和逻辑衔接这两种主要的逻辑关系答题。
词汇衔接
词汇衔接分为三种：代词、同义词/近义词、上下义词/同一范畴词对应关系。
1、代词
代词的作用主要是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用这样的指代关系以及代词的单复数差异即可准确而快速地解题。
例题：It is important, therefore, that we should know what people using our stores want of us.__________ During the past two years, we have been working hard to improve the standard of our products in both these areas.
正确选项句：Research commissioned by the company shows that, above all else, customers expect fashion and value.
例题分析：空格后句末“in both these areas”中“both”这个不定代词提示考生空格中一定会出现两个并列的名词概念，即正确选项中的“fashion and value”。考试中常见的不定代词还有：one、everyone、everybody、each、all、many、these、this等，其中特别要注意它们所指代名词的单复数形式。
2、同义词/近义词
英语文章的上下文之间往往存在同义词、近义词甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这就给我们的解题提供了一条极佳的判断线索。
例题：A Norwegian company, Cortex, has patented a cork, made from man-made materials which it claims is superior to the real thing. ________
正确选项句：It hopes to be making 200 million of its synthetic corks a year by the end of the decade.
例题分析：选项中“synthetic”意思是“人工合成的、人造的”，与前句中的“man-made”是同义词。在某些时候，如果选项中出现与空格前后句里意义相同的词汇(尤其是名词)，这种同词重复的现象往往是引导答题的极佳提示。
3、上下义词/同一范畴词
上下义词/同一范畴词是指， 两个词之间存在着上下义词关系，表现为前者包含了后者，或者后者是前者的一个子集。例如：apple 与orange之间就属同一范畴关系，因为它们都属于fruit。
例题：Certain key products have been subject to a thorough review, most notably menswear, where significant advances have been made in product design and manufacture. ____________ All of these have reported an increase in market share.
正确选项句：Other areas where product innovation has been particularly effective are in lingerie, gifts and homeware.
例题分析：空格后的句子开头“all of these”提示我们，空格里肯定存在至少3个并列名词，而正确选项中的lingerie(女士内衣)、gifts(礼品)和homeware(家居用品)这3个名词又与前句中的menswear(男士服装)属于同一范畴事物，都是百货商店中的常见商品类别。答案就可从此轻而易举地判断出来。
逻辑衔接
逻辑衔接根据前后句之间的逻辑关系又可细分为：解释关系、例证关系、因果关系以及顺逆关系。
1、解释关系
这里所提到的解释关系通常指，句与句之间所包含的前者解释后者的逻辑关系，有时很难发现。
例题：By 1995, the year she died, the business had grown so much that she had decided to remain involved only in the area of design. ______
正确选项句：The creative side of things was what she had always enjoyed most.
例题分析：题干中“design”这个词的中文意思一定为大家所熟悉了，但一个成功设计师的基本素质是什么？扫描选项可发现，在正确选项中出现了一个“creative”，从此可提示大家设计师必须具备“creative(original) mind”。因此选项中的“the creative side of things”是对前句中“the area of design”的最好解释。
2、例证关系
例证的形式多样，就其本质而言无非就是思维上的形象(例子、类比等)和抽象(观点)的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳(从形象到抽象)和推理(从抽象到形象)。
例题：Managers should provide regular feedback to their staff.______
正确选项句：For example, when good work has been done it must be praised.
例题分析：题干提出了一个观点“管理者应该定期向员工们提供反馈。”之后立即以“For example”举例说明。这是一道典型的例证题，较易做出判断。
3、因果关系
因果关系常见的逻辑表达有：because、for、since、as、the reason is that、result in /from、be due to、be attributed to等等。还有一些表示因果逻辑关系的表达是比较隐蔽的，例如：underlie(前者构成后者的基础，即前者是因，后者是果)和in response to(前者作为后者的回应，即后者是因，前者是果)。
例题：There is no doubt that, in an increasingly competitive trading environment, we are better equipped than ever to compete and to win and we feel increasingly optimistic.______
正确选项句：This is due to our now having a clear strategy with a focus on the customer, product improvement and store refurbishment.
例题分析：正确选项句中有一个非常重要的形容词——clear，该词足以说明公司的strategy(战略)是正确的。而空格前一句讲的正是该公司踌躇满志的心态和乐观前景。正确句选项中的“This is due to”则明确反映出与上文间的因果衔接关系。
4、顺逆关系
英语行文中的后句与前句不是顺承逻辑关系就是逆转逻辑关系。如果一篇填句文章的空格前后两句话间存在逻辑上的逆转，空格处则很有可能是一个表示转折逻辑的句子。
例题：Companies both large and small have spend large sums of money on improving office computer facilities._________ It seems that business have failed to apply the developments in technology to greater effect.
正确选项句：However, this enormous investment has not improved productivity as expected.
例题分析：题干中，作者在空格前句所表达的态度即使不完全是正面态度，也至少可以属于中性描述：无论是大公司还是小公司，都在改进自己办公室的硬件方面不惜血本投资。而空格后的句子中却出现了一个明显表示负面评价的词汇：fail to。因此考生可以在备选项中搜寻出表达转折逻辑的选项。
真题演练
下面我们就根据上述由BEC真题中总结出来的方法巧解2006年考研“七选五”真题。
41题解析
For Williams, these activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”. (41) _______________ In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In march 1997 he lost $72,186.
正确选项句： (C) By the time he had lost $5,000, he said to himself that if he could get back to even , he would quit , one night he won $5,500 ,but he did not quit.
分析：选项中的$5,000和$5,500与空格后的$21,000和$72,186都是金钱数字，属于同一范畴概念，由于其他选项中没有任何数字，考生就能很快判断出正确答案。另外，此题还有一层逻辑上的对应关系，即空格所在的选项句和空格后一句其实是用具体的事实数据在描述David Williams的赌瘾越来越大，这正是空格前句中“electronic heroin”(电子海洛因)的解释，属于上文总结的解释型逻辑关系。
42题解析
Noting the“medical /psychological” nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being. (42)___________________The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning, “enjoy the fun and always bet with your head, not over it .”
正确选项句：(A) Although no such evidence was presented, the casino's marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.
分析：空格前一句中的“letter”一词与选项中的“mailings”是同义词对应关系。这里还存在第二层同义词对应关系，即空格前句中的patronizing the casino(光顾赌场)和选项中entered the casino(进入赌场)，这两者所表达的意思相同。
43题解析
Nevertheless Williams's suit charged that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling”, intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will”. (43) __________________________ The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit loss of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.
正确选项句：(B) It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?
分析：这道题很明显属于同词重复现象：lure和will的重复出现。
44题解析
The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling”involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit of loss of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall. (44) ____________________ Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.
正确选项句：(F) It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.
分析：此题存在多层对应关系。第一层：空格前句的diagnostic(诊断上的)与选项中的medicalize(医学化)以及空格后句中的physical(身体上的)虽然不是近义词或同义词，但很显然属于同一范畴，即医学范畴，因此为同一范畴词汇对应；第二层：选项中的“defining as”与空格后的“reclassifying...as...”属近义词表达，都是表示“归类为，定义为”；第三层：选项中的weakness of will (意志上的弱点)和空格后句中的character flaws (性格缺陷)是上下义词的关系，前者属于后者。明确了这层对应关系以后，解题时就游刃有余了。
45题解析
Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45)______________________ Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on — you might say addicted to — revenues from wagering.
正确选项句： (D) Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.
分析：此题有两层对应。第一层：空格后面的“Forty-four states have lotteries,... revenues from wagering.”(44个州发行各种彩票，29个州开设赌场，大多数州在不同程度上依赖于赌场收入)是以具体的例子来说明选项中的“Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever”是上文总结的例证逻辑关系。第二层：空格后句中的revenues(收入)一词是个专业术语，特别指国家政府的财政收入。它与空格后的government属于同一范畴词汇对应关系。只要把题干中的句意及关键词的意思弄明白，根据对应关系解题法即能顺利解题。
1. Customer Relations: the importance of making customers feel valued
2. Company growth: the importance to a company of controlling expansion
3. Marketing: how to ensure that agents maintain a high level of effectiveness when representing a company
4. Time Management: the importance of planning work time effectively
5. Project Development: how to ensure inter-departmental co-operation on new projects
6. Purchasing: how to evaluate and select new products
7. Personnel Management: the importance to a company of having well motivated staff
8. Strategic Planning: how to decide whether to purchase or rent company premises
9. Sales: how to ensure that price levels for new products are set appropriately
10. Communication Skills: the importance of foreign language training for selected employees
11. Advertising: how to select a suitable agency to handle a company’s advertising
12. Finance: how to decide whether to float a company on the stock-market
13. Marketing: the importance to a company of offering its products on the world-wide web
14. Staff Training: how to evaluate the effectiveness of company training programmes
15. Company Growth: how to decide when it is the right time for a business to expand
16. Public Relations: the importance to a company of sponsoring well-known personalities from the arts and popular culture
17. Recruitment: how to ensure that the best candidate for a post is selected
18. Information Management: how to analyse and make effective use of information
19. Sales: the importance of brand image in ensuring that products or services sell well
20. Technology: the importance to a company of keeping up-to-date with internet developments
21. Quality Control: how to ensure that a company consistently maintains quality control standards
22. Product Promotion: how to make effective use of the media when promoting a new product or service
23. Product Management: the importance of teamwork for the effective management of projects
24. Health and Safety: how to develop a responsible attitude among staff to the health and safety requirements of accompany
25. Technology: the importance of computer skills for the workplace of the future
26. Communications: how to ensure that e-mail is used appropriately by staff for internal and external communications
27. Staff Development: how to administer a staff budget effectively
28. Market Research: the importance of finding out about customers’ habits and attitudes
29. Financial Management: how to identify ways of reducing costs in a company
30. Communication: how to achieve an effective working relationship between different departments within a company
31. Communication skills: the importance of understanding cultural differences when working in an international environment
32. Personnel Management: the importance of providing employees with clear job descriptions
33. Company Growth: how to ensure that company growth proceeds at the optimum rate
34. Time Management: how to manage a heavy workload effectively
35. Health and Safety: the importance to a company of having a Health and Safety policy
36. Human Resources: how to ensure that staff at all levels receive appropriate feedback on individual performance
Samples(部分口语试题参考答案)
1、Customer Relations: how to maintain customer interest in a company’s products
As is know to all, it is very important for a company to maintain customer interest in their products. I think a company should try every possible way to retain its current customers.
First, it should always make sure that it provides its customers with quality goods and after-sales service. Second, it should lay enough emphasis on the feedback from its current customers and take prompt action to take care of their needs and demands. Third, if possible it may provide some incentives to its old customers. For example, it can grant a certain discount to them if their purchases reach a certain amount. Apart from all these, a company should design strategies to attract new customers and create transactions with them, to expand their customer base, so to speak. These strategies include product diversification and upgrading.
All in all, a company should try its utmost to keep its current customers satisfied with its products and services, and at the same time it should stay ahead of the market through product and pricing strategies.
2、How to fill a key vacancy
In order to fill a key vacancy, a company will usually follow the same standard procedure.
It will begin by producing an accurate job description of what it would like the successful candidate to do. From this, it can then produce a profile of this ideal candidate, which is a list of skills, experience, attributes and so on.
Having produced this profile, the company must then decide on the best recruitment method to capture a candidate with this profile. This might be an internal advertisement or an external advertisement in a newspaper, on the Internet say, even an agency or perhaps a headhunter.
Having decided on the best recruitment method, the advertisements are then placed or the headhunter contacted and a list of candidates will be then drawn up to be put through the company’s recruitment processes. This might be interviews, psychometric tests or even hand-writing analysis. This will then produce the ideal candidate for the company.
The company will then have to negotiate terms with this candidate and, hopefully, this will result in terms which are both affordable for the company and attractive enough to get the candidate they want.
Background Information
3、Career Planning: how to assess the career opportunities provided by different types of companies
Career Planning
Even after a job is offered and accepted, career decisions must be made. On-the-job experience may affect the desired path. Aspiring to achieve a position above the present position is natural. The planned career path to that position may involve either a series of promotions within the firm or switching to a different firm. While planning a career path is a useful motivator, the plans should be achievable. If everyone planned to be president of a company, most plans would not be achieved. This can cause frustration. A preferable career path would include short-term goals, since some ultimate goals may take twenty years or longer. The use of short-term goals can reinforce confidence as goals are achieved.
Career Development: the importance of acquiring a range of skills throughout your career
It is important a person to have a range of skills in the course of his career development. When he has a range of skills, he is obviously more competitive than those who don’t and therefore has more chances of promotion. And it will be easier for him to find a job outside his company if he is not satisfied with his present job. In addition, a person with a range of skills is more likely to work his way up to the top of the corporate ladder.
4、Human Resources: how to provide effective support for new members of staff
Training: The importance of a continuous programme of staff training within a company
Staff Management: how to achieve and maintain high motivation among a workforce
Motivating Employees: Employees tend to be more satisfied with their jobs if they are provided (1) compensation that is aligned with their performance, (2) job security, (3) a flexible work schedule, and (4) employee involvement programs. Firms should offer job security, compensation that is tied to employee performance, more flexible work schedules, and more employee involvement programs. To the extent that job satisfaction can motivate employees to improve their performance, firms may be able to a higher production level by providing greater job satisfaction.
5、Marketing Research
Managers cannot always wait for information to arrive in bits and pieces from the marketing intelligence system. They often require formal studies of specific situations. For example, Toshiba wants to know how many and what kinds of people or companies will buy its new superfast laptop computer. Or Barat College in Lake Forest, Illinois, needs to know what percentage of its target market has heard of Barat, how they heard, what they know, and how they feel about Barat. In such situations, the marketing intelligence system will not provide the detailed information needed. Managers will need marketing research.
We define marketing research as the systematic design, collection, analysis, and reporting of data and findings relevant to a specific marketing situation facing an organization. Every marketer needs research. Marketing researchers engage in a wide variety of activities, ranging from market potential and market share studies, to assessments of customer satisfaction and purchase behavior, to studies of pricing, distribution, and promotion activities.
A company can conduct marketing research in its own research department or have some or all of it done outside. Although most large companies have their own marketing research departments, they often use outside firms to do special research tasks or studies. A company with no research department has to buy the services of research firms.
6、Marketing: the importance of packaging products appropriately
In recent times, numerous factors have made packaging an important marketing tool. Increased competition and clutter on retail store shelves means that packages now must perform many sales tasks-from attracting attention, to describing the product, to making the sale. Companies are realizing the power of good packaging to create instant consumer recognition of the company or brand. For example, in an average supermarket, which stocks 15,000 to 17,000 items, the typical shopper passes by some 300 items per minute, and 53 percent of all purchases are made on impulse. In this highly competitive environment, the package may be the seller’s last chance to influence buyers. It becomes a “five-second commercial.” The Campbell Soup Company estimates that the average shopper sees its familiar red and white can 76 times a year, creating the equivalent of $26 million worth of advertising.
7、Market Research: the importance of doing market research before launching a new product
Sales: How to sell a product effectively in international markets
Product Promotion: the importance of selecting appropriate members of staff to attend exhibitions
Communication: the importance in business of maintaining contact with clients
Public Relations: the importance of adequate supervision and training of staff who deal with the public
8、Management: How to run a meeting successfully
Transport Management: the importance to a business of an efficient public transport system
Any distribution of products from producers to wholesalers or from wholesalers to retailers requires transportation. The cost of transporting some products can exceed the cost of producing them. An efficient form of transportation can result in higher costs and lower profits for the firm. For each form of transportation, firms should estimate timing, cost, and availability. This assessment allows the firm to choose an optimal method of transportation. The most common forms of transportation used to distribute products are truck, rail, air, water, pipeline.
Transport Management: the importance of using environmentally friendly means of transport whenever possible
9、Health & Safety
Employee Safety: Firms ensure that the workplace is safe for employees by closely monitoring the production process. Some obvious safety precautions are to check machinery and equipment for proper working conditions, require safety glasses or any other equipment that one can prevent injury, and emphasize any special safety precautions in training seminars.
Firms that create a safe working environment prevent injuries and improve the morale of their employees. Many firms, such as Allied Signal, now identify workplace safety as one of their main goals. Levi Strauss and Company imposes safety guidelines not only its U.S. facilities but also on Asian factories where some of its clothes are made. Starbucks Coffee Company has developed a code of conduct in an attempt to improve the quality of life in coffee-producing countries.
10、Life Skills: the importance of being able to cope with stress in a job
When it (0) to selecting candidates through interview, more often than not the decision is made within the first five minutes of a meeting.??Yet employers like to (21) themselves that they are being exceptionally thorough in their selection processes. In today’s competitive market place, the (22) of staff in many organizations is fundamental to the company’s success and, as a result , recruiters use all means at their disposal to (23) the best in the field.
One method in particular that has (24) in popularity is testing , either psychometric testing, which attempts to define psychological characteristics , or ability￡aptitude testing (25) an organization with an extra way of establishing a candidate’s suitability for a role. It (26) companies to add value by identifying key elements of a position and then testing candidates to ascertain their ability against those identified elements.
The employment of psychometric or ability testing as one (27) of the recruitment process may have some merit, but in reality there is no real (28), scientific or otherwise, of the potential future performance of any individual. The answer to this problem is experience in interview techniques and strong definition of the elements of each position to be (29) as the whole recruitment process is based on few real certainties, the instinctive decisions that many employers make, based on a CT and the first five minutes of a meeting, are probably no less valid than any other tool employed in the (30) of recruitment.
21.A suggest B convince C advise D believe
22.A worth B credit C quality D distinction
23.A secure B relies C attain D achieve中华考试网
24.A lifted B enlarged C expanded D risen
25.A provides B offers C contributes D gives
26.A lets B enables C agrees D admits
27. A portion B member C share D component
28. A extent B size C amount D measure
29.A occupied B met C filled D appointed
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