状语从句的省略规则(通用9篇)
When(she was)very young, she began to learn to play the piano.她很小时,就开始学习弹钢琴。
While(I was)at college, I began to know him, a strange but able student.我在上大学时就开始认识他,一个奇怪但有能力的学生。
When arriving, send me a telegram.(When you arrive, send me a telegram.)到达之后,来个电报。
Before leaving, turn off all the lights.(Before you leave, turn off all the lights.)走之前,请关闭所有的灯。
Don’t come in until(you are)asked to.不叫你请你不要进来。
Whenever(it is)possible, you should come and help.不管什么时候只要有可能就来帮忙。
You should let us know the result as soon as(it is)possible.你应尽快让我们知道结果。
注:as在引导时间状语从句时,没有这种省略现象。我们不可说As walking, she found a nice shining thing on the ground.二、地点状语从句中的省略
地点状语从句的省略常用下列结构:where(ver)possible, where(ver)necessary,Lay these books where possible you can find them easily.把这些书放在你可能容易找到的地方。
Put in articles wherever necessary in the following passages.在下列文章中需要的地方填入冠词。
三、条件状语从句中的省略
常用的句型是:if necessary, if possible, if true, if anyone等。如:
Send the goods now if(they are)ready.货物如果准备好了,请送过来。
He will come if(he is)asked.如果叫他来,他就来。
If(it is)necessary, ring me at home.如果有必要,朝我家里打电话。
Come along with me if(it is)possible.如果有可能和我一起去吧。
If(it is)true, this will casue us a lot of trouble.如果是真的,这会给我们带来很多麻烦。
There are few people nowadays, if(there are)any, who remember him.很少有人能记起他。
You should stay where you are, unless(you are)asked to leave.你应呆在你现在的地方不动,除非叫你动。
四、让步状语从句中的省略
He is a good man, though sometimes(he is)rather dull.他真是个好人,尽管有时有点无聊。
Even if(I am)invited to, I won’t go to such a bad lecture.即使邀我去,我都不想听如此坏的报告。
五、比较状语从句中的省略
She can play the piano just as wonderfully as you(do).她钢琴弹的我你弹的一样好。
一、从句主语与主句主语一致时状语从句的省略
当从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可以将从句中的连词和主语先去掉,然后逐个抄从句成分,碰见基本谓语动词省略为以下情况即可。(注意:连词可以不省略。)
1. 主句从句主语一致且主句从句动作没有先后顺序,省略为:doing...(表示主动);done...(表示被动)例如:
原句1:When he was a little boy,he helped his father on a farm.
省略后:(When)Being a little boy,he helped his father on a farm.(表示主动)
原句2:When it is seen from the top of the hill,the city looks very beautiful.
省略后:(When)Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks very beautiful.(表示被动)
2. 主句从句主语一致,但从句动作发生在主句动作之前,省略为:having done...=after doing...(表示主动);having been done...=after being done...(表示被动)例如:
原句1:After I had finished it,I handed in my paper to our teacher.
省略后:Having finished it,I handed in my paper to our teacher.
=After finishing it,I handed in my paper to our teacher.(表示主动)
原句2:After my paper had been finished,my paper was handed in to our teacher.
省略后:Having been finished,my paper was handed in to our teacher.
=After being finished,my paper was handed in to our teacher.(表示被动)
二、从句主语与主句主语不一致时状语从句的省略
当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致时,省略做法和上面相同,但必须在省略好的句子前加上原从句的主语(如果有连词就加在连词之后)。
1. 主句从句主语不一致,主句从句表示的动作无先后顺序,且从句动作表主动关系,省略为:从句主语+doing...例如:
原句:If time permits,we will go the park tomorrow.
省略后:Time permitting,we will go the park tomorrow.
2. 主句从句主语不一致,从句动作发生在主句动作之前,且从句动作表被动关系,省略为:从句主语+having been done...(或after+从句主语+being done...)例如:
原句:After everything had been taken into account,we started.
省略后:Everything having been taken into account,we started.
=After everything being taken into account,we started.
注意:①如果状语从句为否定句,其省略先按肯定句处理,其次在省好的doing/done/having done/having been done之前加上not。例如:
原句:As I didn’t know the answer,I asked the teacher.
省略后:(As)Not knowing the answer,I asked the teacher.
②如果省后形式为being+adj,通常将being省略,留下adj单独作状语,这也是高考中的一个热点。例如:
原句:When he was tired but sound,the missing boy returned home.
省略后:Tired but sound,the missing boy returned home.
③状语从句的省略形式也可以放在主句之后。例如:
原句:When he was a little boy,he helped his father on a farm.
省略后:He helped his father on a farm(when)being a little boy.
While walking the dog, he was careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
这是由while引导的时间状语从句,从句中省略了与主句相同的主语you,和谓语中的are,保留了一部分谓语,变成了连词+分词的结构。此句可还原为:
While (you are) walking the dog,you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
下面结合例题,对常见的状语从句的省略现象进行归纳。
一、时间状语从句中的省略
1. 在when,while,whenever,once引导的时间状语从句中,主从句的主语一致时,可以省略相同的主语和be动词。
例1 Such knowledge is still useful
to similar situations in other countries. (when)
这种知识仍然有用,当它被其他国家应用到相似情况下时。
答案 when (it is) applied
解析 这题完成句子的题中缺少一个时间状语从句,并且主从句的主语一致,从句中有be动词,所以答案是两个:when applied或when it is applied.
例2 When different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A. compared B. being compared
C. comparing D. having compared
答案 C
解析 这是个省略句,可以还原成When we are comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities。主从句主语一致,省略相同的主语we和be动词are,变成了When comparing different cultures,所以选C。
2. 有时候when和whenever引导的从句中还可以省掉it is结构,尽管主从句的主语不一致。
Whenever (it is) possible, you should come and help.
不管什么时候只要有可能,你就来帮忙。
You should let us know the result when (it is) necessary.
在必要的时候, 你应让我们知道结果。
二、地点状语从句中的省略
在where(ver)地点状语从句的省略中,不用考虑主从句的主语,it is常被省略。
Lay these boxes where(it is)possible you can find them easily.
把这些盒子放在你可能容易找到的地方。
Put in words wherever(it is)necessary in the following passages.
在下列文章中需要的地方填入单词。
三、条件状语从句中的省略
在if和unless引导的条件状语从句中,主从句一致时,省略相同的主语和be动词;有时候if也用于固定句型if necessary,if possible,if true,if anyone等(省略了it is)。
If (it is) necessary, ring me.
如果有必要,给我打电话。
There are few people nowadays, if (there are) any, who remember him.
很少有人能记起他。
Unless (you are) invited to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
除非邀请你发言,否则开会时该保持沉默。
四、让步状语从句中的省略
在though,although,even if,even though引导的让步状语从句中,若从句的主语与主句的主语相同,且在谓语中含有be时,常省略从句的主语和be。
例3 Though money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of
C. lacking D. lacked in
答案 C
解析 lack是个及物动词,常用于lack something 这个结构;though引导的让步状语从句使用了省略句式,可还原为Though (they are) lacking money, his parents managed to send him to university,所以选择C。
五、方式状语从句中的省略
如果as if/as though引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构,可省略主语和系动词,这样as if?后就只剩下不定式、名词、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。例如:
He acts as if (he was) a fool.
他的行为举止好像是个傻子。
She talked to the stranger as if (she was ) angry.
她和陌生人谈话似乎很生气。
He looked here and there as if (he was) in search of something important.
他四处张望,仿佛要找一件什么重要的东西。
The boy lay there as if (he was) sleeping.
这男孩躺在那,似乎在睡觉。
Mary is rolling on the ground as if (she is) hurt badly.
玛丽在操场上打着滚,她似乎伤得很重。
He moved his lips as if (he was going) to speak.
他的嘴动着仿佛要说什么。
1. Unless , the machine is of no use. (repair)
除非修理,否则这个机器是没有用的。
2. While , I heard someone crying for help. (do)
做作业时,我听到有人喊救命。
3. A girl stood at the gate of the school as if . (talk)
一个女孩站在学校门口,似乎在和老师说话。
4. When to a certain degree, water can change into vapor quickly. (heat)
水加热到一定温度时,能迅速变成水蒸气。
5. He is a good man, though sometimes . (Stubborn)
他真是个好人,尽管有时有点固执。
1. (it is) repaired
2. (I was) doing my homework
3. talking with the teacher
4. (it is) heated
方式状语从句通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。
1) as, (just) as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是“正如…”,“就像”,多用于正式文体,例如:
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样,我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
2) as if, as though
两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作“仿佛……似的”,“好像……似的”,例如:
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的`。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。)
说明:as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语,例如:
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的。
The waves dashed on the rocks as if in anger.
I. 单项选择
1. _____ Mary is grown up, it doesn’t mean that she can do whatever she likes.
A. Because B. After C. Though D. Since
2. You had better go home and feed the cat ______ it decides to bite the furniture.
A. until B. before C. after D. when
3. Let’s begin our class ______ everybody is here.
A. although B. until C. even if D. now that
4. He was about to leave _______ I got there.
A. until B. when C. before D. as soon as
5. _____ days went on, the weather got worse.
A. With B. Since C. While D. As
6. I will start to work ______ I am given enough money.
A. unless B. though C. as long as D. even if
7. He never thought that his success came ______ he least wanted it.
A. while B. until C. since D. when
8. It will not be long _______ we meet again.
A. before B. soon C. since D. after
9. You are going to miss the bus ______ you hurry.
A. even B. if C. how D. unless
10. ______ reason, you should not have refused his invitation.
A. However B. What C. Whatever D. No matter
11. You may leave the classroom when you ____ writing.
A. will finish B. are finishing C. have finished D. had finished
12. ________, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However is he late D. However late he is
13. She was ill, ______ she didn’t come to school this morning.
A. since B. because C. as D. for
14. Write clearly ______ your teacher can understand you correctly.
A. since B. for C. because D. so that
15. Why do you want a new job _______ you’ve got such a good one already?
A. that B. where C. which D. when
16. You should make it a rule to leave things ______ you can find them again.
A. when B. where C. then D. there
17. ________ he comes, we won’t be able to go.
A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Even
18. --- What was the party like?
--- Wonderful. It was years _______ I had enjoyed myself so much.
A. after B. when C. before D. since
19. John plays football _____, if not better than, David.
A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as
20. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially _____ Father was away in France.
A. as B. that C. during D. if
21. --- I’m going to the post office.
--- _______ you’re there, can you get me some stamps?
A. As B. While C. Because D. If
22. The WTO cannot live up to its name _______ it does not include a country that is
home to one fifth of mankind.
A. as long as B. while C. if D. even though
23. --- I got ________ I am by hard work.
--- No, you didn’t. You got ________ with your father’s money.
A. there; where B. where; there C. there; there D. where; where
24. ______ you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as
25. I ________ to bed until father came back.
A. went B. hadn’t gone C. didn’t go D. would go
26. I don’t think she’ll be upset, but I’ll see her ________ she is.
A. unless B. in case C. if D. although
27. ________ I live, I will work for my country.
A. So far B. So long as C. If D. While
28. Most plants need sunlight just _______ they need water.
A. because B. when C. as D. for
29. ________ you are willing to bring your camera, we could still take some pictures.
A. Although B. Because C. No matter how D. Whether or not
30. _______ I tried, I couldn’t fill the pen with ink.
A. Whatever B. However C. When D. Whenever
答案:
1---5 CBDBD 6---10 CDADC 11---15 CDDDD
16---20 DBDBA 21---25 BCBAC 26---30 BBCDB
注释:
No. 5 : as 意为 “随着”
No. 7: when 指时间的 “一点”, 此句指 “他在最不抱希望的那一刻获得了成功.”
No. 11 : 状语从句中的动作如发生在将来,时态要用一般现在时, 如强调动作的
结果, 可用现在完成时。
No. 12: 注意,所有从句都要用陈述语序,另外,however 与late 不可分。
No. 13: She was ill, 实际是说话人的一种推测,即:She must have been ill.
No. 15:job 后非定语从句,故A和C都是错误的,全句意为“当(时间的一点)
你已经得到这么好的工作的时候,干吗还要再找新的工作呢?”
No. 19:as well as 引导的是比较状语从句。全句意为“ John踢足球如果不比David
好,至少也和他一样好。
No. 21:对话第一句表明对话前者已决定去邮局,故D错;另外去邮局和帮买邮
票也不存在因果关系,故C错;while 此时强调“在… 期间”。
No.24: 全句意为“既然(now that)你能得到这样一个机会,你也完全可以充分利
用它。
No. 28: as 意为“正如”。
No. 29: we could still take some pictures 意为“我们仍旧可以照相”,由此判定从
句意为“无论你愿不愿意带相机”, 故D为正确选项。
Let’s wait until(till)the rain stops.
等雨停了再说。
She comes to talk to me whenever she feels lonely.
每当她感到寂寞时就来和我聊天。
As I talked, I gained some confidence.
我一面谈着一面增强了信心。
Now that I have come back, I want to help you both.
现在既然我回来了,我要帮助你们两人。
Once the train is moving, there is no way to stop it.
一旦火车开动了就没法址它停下来。
2.由every time,the moment等词引起的从句也可以用作状语
Every time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.
每回伤风我的背就疼。
Stormy applause broke forth the moment she appeared on the stage.
她一在台上出现就响起暴风雨般的掌声。
He had impressed me that way the first time I met him.
我第一次碰到他时,他就给我这个印象。
Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.
下次进城你一定来找我们。
3.instantly,immediately,directly等词也可引起时间状语从句
The machine will start instantly you press the button.
你一按电钮机器就会开动。
I’ll give you an answer immediately I’ve finished reading your report
我看完你的报告立即给你答复。
Directly he uttered these words there was a dead silence.
(一)让步状语从句的用法一(表示“虽然,即使,尽管”)
1.although,though,even though,even if都表示“虽然,即使,尽管”之意,though 和although 语气较弱(其中的though 比although 通俗, 不如although 正式),even if和even though 带有强调意味而显得语气更强。例如:Although they are poor, they are happy.虽然他们很穷,但很快乐。// Although it was so cold, he went out without an overcoat.天气虽然很冷, 但他没有穿大衣就出去了。// Though they may not succeed, they will still try.即使他们可能不会成功,但他们仍努力尝试。// The article is very important though it is short.那篇文章虽然很短,但很重要。// He is better, though not yet cured.他好一点了,虽仍未痊愈。// Even though it was raining, she walked to work.即使下雨,她也是走着去工作的。// I’ll visit him this evening even if I can stay only a few minutes.今晚我将去拜访他,即使我只能停留一小会儿。
注意:though 引导的让步状语从句的用法比较特殊,它可以倒装,也可以不倒装,具体用法参见as引导让步状语从句的用法。
2.as引导让步状语从句表示“虽然、即使、尽管”,其引导的让步状语从句必须采用倒装结构,as引导的倒装形式的让步状语从句的基本结构为:形容词/副词/名词(单数可数名词前一般不带冠词,有时也可见单数可数名词前形容词与不定冠词连用、形容词放在不定冠词前)/动词/过去分词+as+主语+谓语的其他部分。注意体会下列典型例句:Great as the author was, he proved a bad model.这位作者尽管了不起,到头来却成了一个坏榜样。// Ridiculous as it seems, the tale is true.这个故事看似荒唐,却是真的。// Rich as he is, he is not happy.虽然他很富有,但他并不幸福。// Child as he is, he can tell black from white.(倒装时要省去单个名词前的冠词)尽管还是个孩子,他却能分辨黑白。// Brave(a)man as he is, he trembles at the sight of snakes.他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖。// Badly wounded as he was, he remained quite optimistic.尽管伤势很重,他仍然十分乐观。// Try as he would, he could not lift the rock.虽然尽了最大努力,但是他仍然不能搬动那块石头。
[考题1] We had to wait half an hour ____ we had already booked a table.A.since B.although C.until D.before
[答案] B
[解析] 下划线处之后所述的“我们已经预订了一桌”与前面所述的“我们已经不得不等了半个小时”之间语意相反,四个选项中although表示“即便……”,引导让步状语从句最为合适。
[考题2] ____ most of the earth’s surface is covered by water, fresh water is very rare and precious.A.As B.Once C.If D.Although
[答案] D
[解析] 句意为:虽然地球表面覆盖着水,但是纯净水仍然很稀有、珍贵。下划线处应引导让步状语从句,填入although最为合适。
[考题3] ____ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience.A.Since B.Unless C.As D.Although
[答案] D
[解析] 下划线处应引导让步状语从句,填入although最为合适。
[考题4] Although he is considered a great writer, ____.A.his works are not widely read
B.but his works are not widely read
C.however his works are not widely read
D.still his works are not widely read
[答案] A
[解析] 英语不允许在连词although、though引导的让步状语从句之后的主句句首重复使用连词,如果要在复合句中强调某种特别的意义,可以在主句的句首加上yet、still等副词。例如:Although she has a lot of money,(yet/still)she is not happy.虽然她很有钱,但是她并不快乐。
本题题干中没有通过特定的语境暗示需要对主句进行特别强调,因此只需用although引导让步状语从句即可,不必在主句的句首加副词(更不能在主句的句首加连词)。注意:本题中的works指“作品、著作”,例如表达“莎士比亚的作品”可以用“the works of Shakespeare”。
[考题5] There was never any time for Kate to feel lonely, ____ she was an only child.A.ever since B.now that C.even though D.even as
[答案] C
[解析] 下划线处应引导让步状语从句,四个选项中只有even though可以引导让步状语从句。
[考题6] Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ____ they knew it to be valuable.A.as if B.now that C.even though D.so that
[答案] C
[解析] “Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice”和“they knew it to be valuable”意思相反,四个选项中引导让步状语从句的even though最为适合。
[考题7] Allow children the space to voice their opinions, ____ they are different from your own.A.until B.even if C.unless D.as though
[答案] B
[解析] 题干句意为:让孩子们有发言的空间,即使他们的观点与你的不同。从句与主句为让步关系,应由even if 引导从句。
[考题8] ____, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.A.A quiet student as he may be B.Quiet student as he may be
C.Be a quiet student as he may D.Quiet as he may be a student
[答案] B
[解析] as引导让步状语从句应该倒装,本题中需要放在as之前的部分应该是整个表语部分并且要省略student前的不定冠词(若要保留该不定冠词,则应将其置于quiet与student之间)。
[考题9] ____, I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John.A.As long as I have traveled B.Now that I have traveled so much
C.Much as I have traveled D.As I have traveled so much
[答案] C
[解析] 从句“I have traveled”与主句“I have never seen anyone who’s as capable as John”之间具有明显的让步关系,本题应选用as的倒装形式引导让步状语从句。
[考题10] ____, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.A.Strange as might it sound B.As it might sound strange
C.As strange it might sound D.Strange as it might sound
[答案] D
一. 概念及分类
句子可以分为简单句,并列句和复合句。复合句中从句可分为定语从句,名词性从句和状语从句。
用来修饰谓语动词,其他动词,定语,状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为:时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、结果状语从句。
DaMing is a brave boy.DaMing is a brave boy and he always does something special.DaMing is a brave boy, who always does something special.二,时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的连接词一般有When, while, as, before, after, since, as soon as,until/till等。When 观察下面例句,总结其用法
1.When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas.他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。
2.When she came into my room, I was just reading a book.她走进我房间时,我正在看书。
3.Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候,你在写信吗? 4.Sorry, I was out when you called me.对不起,你打电话来的时候我出去了。
总结:从句表示动作可以______________也可以_________________,主句和从句的先后关系_______________________________________ When从句一般用于过去时比较多,主句无时态限制。
练习
Eg:When I got to the airport, the guests had left.当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了。1.When he had finished his homework, he_______(take)a short rest.当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。
2.Why do you want a new job when you____________(get)such a good one already?
你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?
3.You shall borrow the book when I _____________(finish)reading it.在我读完这本书后,你可以借阅。
4.When the manager________(come)here for a visit next week, I’ll talk with him about this.下周,经理来这参观时,我会和他谈谈此事。
when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用 ①
Why do you want a new job when you’ve got such a good one already?
(get为短暂性动词)你已经找到如此好的工作,为何还想再找新的?
② Sorry,I was out when you called me.
(call为短暂性动词)对不起,你打电话时我刚好外出了。③ Strike when the iron is hot.
(is为延续性动词,表示一种持续的状态)趁热打铁。④ The students took notes when they listened.(listen为延续性动词)学生们边听课边做笔记。when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生 1.从句动作在主句动作前发生
① When he had finished his homework,he took a short rest.(finished先发生)当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿。
② When I got to the airport,the guests had left.(got to后发生)当我赶到飞机场时,客人们已经离开了。2.从句动作和主句动作同时发生
①When we were dancing,a stranger came in. 当我们跳舞时,一位陌生人走了进来。
③ When she was making a phonecall,I was writing a letter.当她在打电话时,我正在写信。填空并翻译
1._________ he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where he has been.2._________ he was speaking, everybody listened carefully.3.I saw her just _________ she was getting off the train.4.Have a good look at that man _________ you pass him.5.They were about to leave ______ it began to rain.在下列句子中,when的含义是____________________,作为并列连词 1.We were having a meeting when someone broke in.2.We were about to set off on our way when it suddenly began to rain 3.She was on the point of going to shop when the telephone rang.4.He had just finished his homework when someone asked him to play basketball.总结:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 练习: 翻译一下句子
1.我正要出去有位访客来了。
____________________________________________________ 2.他正要去上学天下雨了。
____________________________________________________ 3.我刚吃过饭,妈妈让我写作业。
Although the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is increasing.(完型)
[结构分析]
这个句 子的 结构比 较清晰 ,这是 一个 复合句 。
analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is increasing是主句,翻译为分析家们对另外一个问题的意见却是一致的:无家可归者的人数正在增长 。
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