名词性从句的重难点
4. A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do. (NMET)
A. how B. after
C. what D. when
5. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is ___ I disagree. ( NMET)
A. why B. where
C. what D. how
6. I like ___ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004 NMET)
A. this B. that
C. it D. one
7. The road is covered with snow. I can’t u
nderstand ___ they insist on going by motor-bike. (2004NMET)
A. Why B. whether
C. when D. how
8. We can’t figure out ___ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.(2004 北京)
A. that B. as
C. why D. when
9. After Yang Liwei succeeded circling the earth, ___ our astronauts to do is walk in space. (2004 上海)
A. where B. what
C. that D. how
10. A story goes ___ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. (2004 上海)
A. when B. where
C. what D. that
1. that和what都可以引导名词性从句, 但that是连接词, 本身无词义, 仅起连接作用, 不在从句中担任任何成分;
what是连接代词, 不仅引导名词性从句, 而且在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、宾语或表语。
Many young peoplein th West areexpected toleave_____could be life’s most important
decision--marriage--almost entirely up to luck. (09江苏)
A.as B.that C.which D.what
2. 名词性从句中一律用陈述句的语序。
I just wonder______that makes him soexcited.
A.why it does B.what he does
C.how it isD.what it is (2006山东)
3. it作形式主语或形式宾语。
在名词性从句中为了保持句子的平衡, 往往用先行词it作形式主语或形式宾语, 而把真正的主语和宾语放到后面, 尤其是that引导的主语从句往往用先行词it作形式主语。
I like____in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (04全国卷Ⅰ)
A.this B.that C.it D.one
4. 与“命令、要求、建议”等相关的名词性从句中通常用虚拟语气, 虚拟语气的构成是“should+动词原形”或省去should, 直接用动词原形。
语气, 虚拟语气的构成是“should+动词原形”或省去should, 直接用动词原形。
It is necessary that a college student_______at least a foreign language (上海1993)
A.masters B.should master
C.mastered D.will master
具体有以下几个方面:
1) 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、理应如此等, 谓语动词要用虚拟语气
“ (should) +do”。常用的句型有:It is necessary (impor-tant, natural, strange,
etc.) that…
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…例如:It is strange that she (should) think so.真奇怪, 她竟然这么想。
It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.应该马上派他去那里。
有人建议王先生在晚会上演个节目。
2) 谓语动词是表示建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持等及物动词时, 其后边的宾语从句。
要用虚拟语气。常用的这类动词有suggest, propose, move, insist, desire,
demand, request, order, command等, 谓语动词要用虚拟语气“ (should) +do”
例如:I insist that she (should) do her work alone.我坚持要她自己完成工作。
The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.
司令员命令部队马上出发。
3) 主语是suggestion, proposal, request, idea等表示建议、请求、命令、要求、决定等意义的名词时, 表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气“ (should) +do”。例如:
My idea is that another meeting (should) be held to discuss the problem.
我建议再开一次会来讨论这个问题。
They received orders that the work (should) be finished by the end of this month.
他们接到了本月底完成这项工作的命令。
但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲, insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲, 则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。
例The smile on his face suggested that he had passed the examination.
他脸上的微笑表明他已经通过了考试。
5. whether和if均可引导动词后的宾语从句, 常可互换。
但从句中有or not时或介词宾语从句中只能用whether连接。其他名词性从句, 如主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句只用whether连接, 不用if。
We haven't settled the question of_____it is necessary for him to study abroad.
A.if B.where C.whether D.that (2006江苏)
另外, 介词后的宾语从句一般不用which和if引导, 要用whether和what。that也很少引导介词宾语从句, 只在except, but, besides等之后才用。
Animals suffered at the hands of Man___they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural land to provide food for more people. (2008江西卷)
A.in which B.forwhich
C.so that D.in that
6. 当主句是I/We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 时, 其后的宾语从句如果是否定形式, 常把否定词not从从句中转移到主句中, 成为否定的转移。
例We don’t believe that he will win the game.我们相信他不会赢得这场比赛。
7. doubt用于肯定结构时, 后面用whether/if引导名词性从句;
用于否定结构或疑问结构时, 后面用that引导名词性从句。be sure用于肯定句或疑问句时, 后接that引导的名词性从句;用于否定句时, 后接whether/if引导的名词性从句。
例We doubt whether/if he can win the game.我们怀疑他是否能赢得这场比赛。
8. 连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever可引导名词性从句, 相当于anyone who, anything that等。
他们也可以引导让步状语从句, 相当于no matter who/what/which。
______wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. (2008浙江卷)
A.Anyone B.The one
C.Whoever D.Who
______team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
A.No matter what B.No matter which
1. that只起连接作用，不充当句子的任何成分，可以引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。
①主语从句：常用it做形式主语，that引导真正的主语或者直接用that引导主语从句。
It made his parents disappointed that he was addicted to playing computer games.
他沉迷于电脑游戏使父母很失望。
That she was late for class again made the teacher very angry.
她上课又迟到使老师很生气。
②宾语从句：当一个句子引导两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略；it作形式宾语，that引导真正的宾语时不能省略；that从句一般不充当介词的宾语，偶尔可以作except的宾语。
She said （that） she was going to Shanghai and that she could returned after several months.
她说她准备去上海并且要过几个月之后才回来。
I have made it clear that I disagreed to the decision.
我已清楚表明我不同意这个决定。
The article is well written except that there are some spelling mistakes.
除了一些拼写错误之外，这篇文章写得很好。
③表语从句
The good news is that they won the football game.
好消息是他们赢了这场足球赛。
2. what在名词性从句中可充当主语、宾语和表语，意义上相当于the thing（s） that， 同样可以引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。
①主语从句：引导主语从句时，其谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数来决定。
What we badly need are those equipments.
我们急需的是那些设备。
What delighted us most was that he performed extremly well in the competition.
让我们最高兴的是他在竞赛中表现得好极了。
②宾语从句：可以在句中作介词宾语
I have no idea of what he has said at the meeting.
我不知道他在会议上说过什么。
A. modern city was set up on what used to be a wasteland.
一个现代化的城市建在曾经是一块废地的地方。
③表语从句
This is what I want to tell you about.
这就是我想要告诉你的。
Whether与if 的区别
1. 作“是否”讲，在ask， know， tell， doubt， wonder， see， ask， find out等词后引导宾语从句时，if和whether可以互换。
I don’t know whether/if he will attend the wedding.
我不知道他是否会参加婚礼。
We doubt whether/if the news is true.
我们怀疑这消息是否是真的。
2. 在下列情况下常用whether而不用 if：
①引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
Whether he comes makes no difference. （主语从句）
他来不来都不重要。
The question is whether the experiment is worth doing. （表语从句）
问题是这个实验是否值得做。
We have some doubt whether he can finish the task on time. （同位语从句）
我们怀疑他是否能按时完成任务。
②作介词宾语。
I haven’t settled the question of whether I will help him.
是否要帮他，我还没有决定。
③与不定式连用。
Whether to go outing hasn’t been decided.
是否去郊游还没有决定。
④与or或or not连用，引导让步状语从句。
Whether I succeed or fail， I don’t care.
无论成功还是失败，我都不在乎。
Whether you like it or not， you’ll have to do it.
这件事不管你喜不喜欢，你必须做。
⑤在discuss之后引导宾语从句。
We have discussed whether we should attend the meeting.
我们已经讨论了我们该不该参加这个会议。
that引导的定语从句与同位语从句的区别
1. that作关系代词引导宾语从句，在从句中可做主语、宾语和表语，作宾语和表语时常可省略。
All that must be done has been done. （主语从句）
必须做的都已经做了。
The news （that） he told me shocked me. （宾语从句）
他告诉我的消息使我很震惊。
She is no longer the girl （that） she was ten years ago. （表语从句）
她不再是十年前的那个女孩。
2. that引导同位语从句时只起连接作用，不充当句子的任何成分，一般不能省略。
We have strong belief that we will succeed.
我们坚信我们会成功。
The fact has worried many scientists that the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.
近年来，全球气候变暖的事实使很多科学家感到担忧。
一：名词性从句：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词 词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可以分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
主语从句：作主语的从句叫主语从句，它一般放在句首，也可以用it作形式主语，主语从句放在主句后面。Who will win the match is still unknown.It is still unknown who will win the match.Whether she will leave for Beijing hasn’t been decided..宾语从句：作宾语的从句叫宾语从句，它位于及物动词或介词后面。也可用it作形式宾语，宾语从句后移。He don’t know what he wants.下列四种情况须用it 作形式宾语： ① 当不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词的宾语时（如think, make, find, consider, feel, suppose等）；
e.g.They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.I don’t feel it difficult to understand the Special English.He makes it a rule never to borrow money.② 某些表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句；e.g.I don’t like it that he’s so lazy.I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.③ that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语； e.g.You may depend on it that we shall always help you.Would you see to it that she gets home early?
He insisted on it that he was innocent.④ 由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用it。We owe it to you that there wasn’t a serious accident.表语从句：作表语的从句叫表语从句，它位于系动词之后。
同位语从句：作同位语的从句叫同位语从句，同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，前面名词是抽象名词：advice,news,fact,truth,word等。Word came that he won the match.通过分析下列从句所在的位置，判断下列句子分别是什么从句，并试着翻译。1.What he did satisfied everybody.2.Whether she will leave for Beijing hasn’t been decided.3.I want to know what he has told you.4.Could you show me how I can reach the station.5.Everything depends on whether we have enough money.6.The question is when he will come.7.He looks as if he is very angry.8.That’s what he wants.9.The news that we won the game is exciting.10.The doctor gave him a suggestion that he(should)give up smoking.11.I have no idea where he has gone.二：引导词：用上面例句练习引导词的用法。连接词 that(无实意，在从句中不作成份，只起引导作用)whether/if(是否)as if/as though, because(只引导表语从句)连接代词
what（什么；……的……, 在名词性从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语）I don’t know what foreign language we’ll learn at college.Which(哪一个，在名词性从句中作主宾表定)who(谁，主宾表)Whose(谁的，定语)Whom(谁，宾语)Whatever=anything that(无论什么)Whichever(无论哪一个)Whoever=anyonewho(无论谁)。连接副词 when(什么时候，何时)where(什么地方，何地)why(为什么)how(如何，怎样)三：注意：1.在名词性从句中，疑问语序变成陈述语序（主语+谓语）。①When he will leave for Beijing hasn’t been decided.②I don’t know where he comes from.③The question is what he wants.④I have no idea when he will be back.2.Whether和if引导名词性从句的时候都是“是否”的意思，但下列情况只能用whether.1.引导主语从句并放在句首时。Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting qustion.It is an interesting question whether/if there is life on the moon.2.从句在介词后面时。Everything depends on whether we have enough money.3.引导表语从句时。The question is whether he will like the gift.4.引导同位语从句时。I have no idea whether the meeting will be held.5.从句后有“or not”时。It remains to be seen whether or not he will succeed.6.后接动词不定式时。He doesn’t know whether to trust her words.3.名词性从句中的省略
在由连接词that引导的宾语从句中，可以把that省略。但如从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省。例如：He says(that)he often runs in the morning and that he always runs as fast as possible.4.表建议、命令、要求的词后的从句的谓语动词常用（should）+动词原形。Suggest、advise、command、order、demand、require、request等。The general ordered that troops(should)set off at once.The doctor gave him a suggestion that he(should)give up smoking.The suggestion is that he(should)give up smoking.It is suggested that he(should)give up smoking.5.What的用法
什么;
……的……
1.What make the school proud was that more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.2.The city is not what it used to be.3.She is not what she was 5 years ago.4.This is what we should do(all that)
5.What he wants is a book.6.I don’t know what foreign language we will learn at college.6.Who与whoever引导名词性从句的辨析：Who broke the window is unknown.Whoever(Anyone who)breaks the law will be punished.Whoever told you about it was lying.What与whatever 后者比前者语气强What she did was right.Whatever she did was right.7.Whoever /whatever/whichever即可引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时可以与no matter+疑问词互换。分析下列句子是名词性从句还是让步状语从句。Do it whatever other say.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.Whatever he did was right.Whatever happens, we shall not lose heart.Whoever comes, he will be welcome.He would believe whatever I said.Whatever the weather is like, we’ll go camping.However busy he was, he studied English every day.四：1.主语从句中的主谓一致
When and where I will go hasn’t been decided.When I will leave and where I will go haven’t been decided.2.宾语从句中的时态呼应
当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的情况而使用不同时态。
I know(that)he studies English every day.I know(that)he studied English last term.I know(that)he will study Enlishi next year.I know(that)he has studied English since 1998.当主句动词是过去时态（could, would除外），从句则要用相应的过去时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时），当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America two weeks before.He said that light travels much faster than sound.4.做形容词后的定语从句，形容词后的介词要去掉
I’m afraid(that)I’v made a mistake.He is pleased with his great achievement.He is pleased that he has achieved so much 5.当主句的主语是第一人称，并且主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine,suppose等动词，这时要进行否定转移（把对从句谓语动词的否定转移到主句谓语动词上）。We don’t think you are here.I don’t believe he will do so.6.That引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that在定语从句中作成分（主宾表）；that在同位语从句中不作成分，只起引导作用。We heard the news that he won the game.We heard the news that he had told her.1．____he does has nothing to do with me.A.whatever B.No matter what C.That D.If 2.The manager came over and asked the customer how____
A.did the quarrel came about
B.the quarrel had come about
C.had the quarrel come about
D.had the quarrel come about 3.Energy is ____makes thing work.A.what B.something C.anything
D.that 4.Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C.when D.as 5.This is ___the shenzhou V Spaceship landed.A.there B.in which C.where
D.when 6.They have no idea at all____.A.where he has gone
B.where did he go
C.which place has he gone
D.where has he gone
7.The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease.A.that
B.which
C.of which
D.of that
8.The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.A.that;had to leave B.that;should leave C./;must leave D.when;should leave 9.___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.A.There;that
B.It;that
C.there;whether D.It;whether 10.The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research.A.that
B.which
C.whether
D.if
11.Is _____he said really true?
A.that B.what C.why
D.whether 12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.A.That B.Whether C.If
D.Where 13.It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray.A.while
B.if
C.that D.for 14._____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.A.Whether
B.This
C.who
D.If
15.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.A.What B.That
C.Whether
D.If
16.____you don’t like him is none of my business.A.What B.That
C.Who
D.How 17.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.A.What;what B.That;that
C.what;that D.That;what
重要语法点
1.名词性从句种类的判断与辨析
2.名词性从句连接词的选择
经典练习题
1.Nowadays consumers become more and more practical and buy only _______ they need.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.what
2.She’d like to offer money to ________ needs it to continue his or her study.A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever
3.---If you are admitted to a key university, _________ as a prize?
---I’m looking for a cell phone.A.what you expect your father will offer you
B.do you expect what your father will offer you
C.what do you expect will your father offer you
D.what do you expect your father will offer you
4.Yesterday he sold out all his stamps at ____ he thought was a reasonable price.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as
5.Generally speaking, _______ we have seen seems more believable than _______ we have been told.A.what;thatB.what;what
C.that;whatD.that;that
6.After three days’ waiting, there was a little doubt in the mother’s mind _______ the police could find her lost child.A.howB.thatC.whereD.whether
7.“Sustainable development” is a question _______ we can continue developing the world without damaging the environment.A.whyB.whenC.thatD.how
8.We’d like to do _______ we can _________ the poor.A.how;helpB.all;to help
C.whatever;helpD.however;to help
9.My parents used ________they had to get a new car for my brother.A.whichB.all whatC.whatD.不填
10.She was so angry at all ________ he was doing _________ she stayed up all night.A.that;thatB.that;whichC.what;thatD.what;as
11.After _________ seemed ages, the newsman disclosed the facts.A.thereB.whichC.whatD.that
12.Our school is no longer _________ it was 10 years ago, _________ it was not well equipped.A.what;whichB.that;which
C.what;whenD.that;where
13.Our bad living habits will destroy the earth.Only by changing ________we live can we save the earth.A.thatB.whatC.howD.where
14.Thinking that you know _________ in fact you don’t is a serious mistake
A.whatB.thatC.whenD.however
15.Energy is _________ makes things work.A.whatB.everythingC.somethingD.anything
16.One of the men held the view __________the book said was right.A.that whatB.what thatC.thatD.whether
17.I think that this meal was well worth ________ was charged for it.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.how many
18.Do you think the reason ________ he gave is believable?
A.for whichB.whichC.whyD.what
19.Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded ________ other more well-informed experimenters failed.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.where
20.Although Anne is happy with her success she wonders________ will happen to her private life.A.itB.thatC.whatD.this
21.The news has spread all over the country ________ the spaceship succeeded in returning to the earth.A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.what
22.You can choose ________ book you like among these.A.no matter whatB.whateverC.whoseD.whichever
23.Is this research center ________ we visited the modern equipment last year?
A.whereB.thatC.the oneD.which
24.Loulan city is not at all _______a traveler who has never seen the desert before can expect.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where
25.What the doctor is uncertain about is ______ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why
26.We should buy our daughter a computer in ______ it can help to improve her English.A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whom
27.I wish to have a friend with ______ shares my hobbies and interests.A.whomeverB.no matter whoC.whoeverD.anyone
29.The task required _______ did it ______ careful and brave enough.A.who;isB.whom;was
C.whomever;wereD.whoever;be
30.We wrote a letter of thanks to _______ had helped us.A.whoB.thoseC.whomD.whoever
31.---What are you anxious about?
---___________.A.Whether we can succeedB.If we succeed
C.Do you succeedD.That we can succeed
32.I just don’t understand_______ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect.A.why it doesB.what it does
C.what it isD.why it is
33.---I rang you at about ten, but there was no reply.---Oh, that was probably _________ I was seeing the doctor.A.whenB.whyC.whatD.that
34.I kept this picture ________ I can see it every day as it reminds me of my university days.A.in whichB.whereC.whenD.whether
36.You should keep those old jam bottles----you never know ______ you might need them.A.whenB.how.C.whatD.where
37.---Do you have anything in mind ________you’d like for supper?
---Well, ________will do for me.A.which, everythingB.that, anything
C.what, whateverD.that, either
38.After five hours’ drive, they reached ________ they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.where
39.It is recommended that the project _________ until all the preparations have been made.A.is not startedB.not be started
C.will not be startedD.is not to be started
41.________ makes the school famous is ________ more than 90% of the students have been admitted to universities.A.What;becauseB.That;because
C.That;whatD.What;that
42.Everything depends on ________ they will support you about it.A.ifB.whichC.whetherD.that
43.After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different from_________ she used to be.A.thatB.whomC.whatD.who
44.I know nothing about the young lady---________ she is from Beijing.A.exceptB.except forC.except thatD.besides
45.The question came up at the meeting ________we had enough money for our research.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.whether
46.__________ a terrible storm would take place in Hainan.A.Word came whichB.Word came that
C.Word that cameD.Words came that
48.Mr.Hopkins has not yet answered my question________ I can go with him to ________ he calls the Underground Treasure House next week.A.that;whichB.that;where
C.whether;thatD.whether;what
49.---Don’t you believe me?
---________, I will believe _________ you say.A.No;whateverB.Yes;no matter what
C.No;no matter whatD.Yes;whatever
50.__________ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.A.WhichB.AsC.ThatD.It
51.See the flags on top of the building? That was ______ we did this morning.A.whenB.whichC.whereD.what
52.“What did your parents think about your decision?”“They always let me do ______ I think I should.”
A.whenB.thatC.howD.what
53.“Could you do me a favor?”“It depends on ____ it is.”
A.whichB.whicheverC.whatD.whatever
54.There is much chance _______ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A.thatB.whichC.untilD.if
55.______ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever
56.Mary wrote an article on _______ the team had failed to win the game.A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that
57.The poor young man is ready to accept _______ help he can get.A.whicheverB.howeverC.whateverD.whenever
58.As soon as he comes back, I’ll tell him when ______and see him.A.you will comeB.will you come
C.you comeD.do you come
59.______ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.A.What is requiredB.What requires
C.It is requiredD.It requires
60.Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and _______ it is rough or smooth.A.不填
Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.
It hasn’t been decided whether (if) we shall attend the meeting.
C) 在介词之后。(介词往往可以省略) 如：
It all depends (on) whether they will support us.
D) 后面直接跟动词不定式时。如：
He doesn’t know whether to stay or not.
E) 后面紧接or not 时。如：
We didn’t know whether or not
she was ready.
② 关联词if， whether均可使用的情况如下：
A) 引导宾语从句。如：
I wonder if (whether) the news is
true or not.
B) 在 “be+形容词” 之后。如：
He was not sure whether (if) it is
right or wrong.
宾语从句要注意的几个问题
? 1. 时态呼应
? 2. 否定转移：
? 3. 形式宾语it的使用
注：在think， believe， suppose， expect 等动词之后，宾语从句中谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上。
I don’t think he will see you.
I don’t believe he will go.
注：在接复合宾语的句子中( S+Vt+O+Oc)， 为了保持句子平衡， 用it 作形式宾语，将从句放于句尾， 常接复合宾语的动词有： make， find， see， hear， feel， think...
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.
I think it a pity to waste the food
表语从句的用法
在复合句中用作表语的从句是表语从句， 引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。
That’s what we should do.
That’s why I want to see you.
1. be， seem， look等动词后均可跟表语从句：
My suggestion is that we should go shopping.
It seems that it is going to rain.
2. as if， because 也可引导表语从句。
It looks as if it’s going to rain.
It was because I got up late.
3. 在非正式文体中，引导表语从句的that可以省略。如：
The trouble is (that) he is ill.
注意：在表语从句中，当reason做主语时， 引导词只能用that，不能用because，如：他迟到的原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。
The reason why he was late was that he didn’t catch the early bus.
同位语从句
同位语从句一般跟在名词fact， news， promise， truth， belief， thought， idea， answer， information， knowledge， doubt， hope， law， opinion， plan， suggestion后面， 用以说明或解释前面的名词.
The news that our team has won the match is true.
His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.
注： 1. that 引导同位语从句与that 引导定语从句的区别： 引导同位语从句的that 无实际意义， 不作从句的任何成分， 而引导定语从句的that 从句的某个成分
He told me the news that our team won the match.
He told me the news that was very exciting.
We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school.
We are interested in the news that he told us.
2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.
I have no idea where he has gone.
I have no idea when he did it.
一、名词性从句的判定方法
在一篇语篇型语法填空中, 若空格所在句子含有两套主谓结构, 这说明命题人是在考查从句。此时, 考生首先需要使用括号划出从句。划括号时要从空格前面开始 (因为空格要填引导从句的连词) 划出整个从句。具体办法是:如果空格在最前面, 则括号划到第二处谓语动词前;如果空格在句中, 则括号通常划到句末。然后考生可以根据划出的从句在整个句子中所处的位置和所作的成分判断是哪一种从句。那么, 名词性从句在语篇中如何判断呢?下面分别举例说明 (括号已经划出) 。
【典例1】I truly believe (______beautycomes from within) . (2015年北京卷)
解析:从句在谓语动词believe后, 所以考查的是宾语从句。从句中不缺少任何成分, 只陈述了一个事实, 因此应用that引导。
【典例2】Reading her biography, I was lostin admiration for (______Doris Lessing hadachieved in literature) . (2015年陕西卷)
解析:从句在介词for后, 所以考查的是宾语从句。从句中谓语动词had achieved缺少宾语, 所以应用what引导从句并在从句中作宾语。
【典例3】A ship in harbor is safe, but that’snot (______ships are built for) . (2015年安徽卷)
解析:从句在系动词is后, 所以考查的是表语从句。表语从句中的介词for后缺少宾语, 故应用what引导, what与for连用, 表示目的。
【典例4】The manager put forward a sugges-tion______we should have an assistant.There istoo much work to do. (2016年天津卷)
解析:从句在名词suggestion后, 名词后考查的可能是定语从句, 也可能是同位语从句。根据句意可知, 后面的从句是对suggestion的解释说明, 而不是修饰限制, 故为同位语从句。而且从句成分和意思都是完整的, 故用that引导。that不作成分, 只起连接作用。
【典例5】 (______we understand things) hasa lot to do with what we feel. (2015年北京卷)
解析:从句在句首, 且位于第二处谓语动词has前, 所以考查的是主语从句。从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知, 主语从句中缺少方式状语, 因此填how。
二、名词性从句连接词的选用
利用加括号的办法判断出从句为名词性从句后, 可以依据“从句中缺什么成分补什么成分”的原则选用连接词。
1.使用连接代词。
当名词性从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语时, 使用连接代词。常用的有what, who (m) , whoever, which, whose等。what根据不同语境和所表示的意思可以灵活翻译成“……的 (话、东西、地方、时候、样子等) ”;who具有疑问意义, 意思是“谁”;whoever没有疑问意义, 意思是“……的任何人”, 相当于anybody who;which意思是“哪一个”;在句中作定语时用whose。
【典例1】If you swim in a river or lake, besure to investigate______is below the water sur-face.Often there are rocks or branches hidden inthe water. (2015年浙江卷)
解析:what。动词investigate后面接的是宾语从句。分析宾语从句的成分可以发现, 空格处所作的成分是主语。名词性从句中缺少主语并且指物用what引导, 此处意思是“……的东西”。
【典例2】How much one enjoys himselftravelling depends largely on______he goeswith, whether his friends or relatives. (2010年四川卷)
解析:who。介词on后面接宾语从句, 从句中介词with后缺少宾语, 应填连接代词。根据后面的“whether his friends or relatives”可知应该表示和谁去, 故填who。
2.使用连接副词。
当名词性从句中主干齐全, 根据意思缺少状语时, 使用连接副词。常用的有when, where, why和how, 分别表示时间、地点、原因和方式。这些连接副词既起连接作用, 本身又作从句的状语。
【典例1】We must find out______Karl iscoming, so we can book a room for him. (2015年重庆卷)
解析:when。find out后面接宾语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据后面的“we can book aroom for him”可知缺少时间状语, 故填when。
【典例2】You have to know______you’regoing if you are to plan the best way of gettingthere. (2015年湖南卷)
解析:where。know后面接的是宾语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据后面句子的意思可知缺少地点状语, 故填where。
【典例3】The exhibition tells us______weshould do something to stop air pollution. (2015年四川卷)
解析:why。tell是接双宾语的动词, 因此此处应填宾语从句的连接词。从句中主干齐全, 根据意思可知缺少原因状语, 故填why。
【典例4】—I wonder______Mary has kepther figure after all these years. (2015年福建卷)
—By working out every day.
解析:how。动词wonder后接宾语从句。从句中主干齐全, 根据答语中表示方式的介词短语by的回答, 可知填how。
3.使用从属连词。
当名词性从句主干齐全, 又不缺少状语时, 使用从属连词引导。从属连词有that, whether和if。当从句中不缺少成分, 陈述一件事实时, 用that引导;当从句中不缺少成分, 有“是否”的含义时, 用whether或if引导。whether与if在引导动词后的宾语从句时, 两者一般可以互换, 但在下列情况下一般只能用whether, 不用if:引导主语从句并在句首时;引导表语从句时;引导从句作介词宾语时;从句后有“or not”时;后接动词不定式时。因此, 在引导名词性从句表示“是否”意思时, 建议大家使用whether。
【典例1】It is often the case______any-thing is possible for those who hang on to hope. (2016年江苏卷)
解析:that。本句中it是形式主语, 真正的主语是后面连接词引导的主语从句。根据句意可知, 后面的句子陈述的是一个事实, 不缺少任何成分, 故用that引导。
【典例2】The most pleasant thing of therainy season is______one can be entirely freefrom dust. (2016年北京卷)
解析:that。is后跟表语从句, 表语从句中主干齐全, 不缺少成分, 陈述事实, 因此用that引导。
【典例3】The little girl asked her father______she should go to the party or not.
解析:whether。ask后接双宾语, 因此空格处引导宾语从句。从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知, 本空有“是否”的含义, 且后面有or not, 故填whether, 不能使用if。
三、巩固练习
(一) 单句语法填空
1.As large numbers of Chinese flocked to Japan to pay thousands for toilet lids, it was a surprise to many people______the smart toilet lids on sale in Japan were actually made in China.
2.First-class players of football must haveexcellent ball control, but it is not just______they do with their feet that counts.
3.—Shall I go to the party if I don’t haveto dress up?
—Of course you can, actually, it doesn’tmatter______you’re dressed.
4.______we’ll go camping tomorrowdepends on the weather.
5.I don’t doubt______he has the ability to deal with the situation, but______the problem can be solved quickly depends on his attitude.
6.A new shopping centre will be built in______the old fish market used to be.
7.—Have you told your parents about yourdecision?
—Not yet.I can hardly imagine______they will react.
8.Don’t forget______it was that helpedyou out when you were in trouble.
9.Although he has become wealthy, MrWood remains______he used to be, modest andfriendly.
10.The Peony Pavilion, a play written byTang Xianzu, is______many people regard asthe most romantic story in Chinese literature.
11.A recent study, while showing a general-ly positive attitude towards the new industry, also suggests a widespread concern______itmay be“running out of control”.
12.______makes the book so extraordi-nary is the creative imagination of the writer.
13.Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell______close you may beto victory.
14.Grandma pointed to the hospital andsaid, “That’s________I was born.”
15.“Every time you eat a sweet, drinkgreen tea.”This is________my mother used totell me.
16.The best moment for the football starwas________he scored the winning goal.
17.The only way to succeed at the highestlevel is to have total belief________you arebetter than anyone else on the sports field.
18.The how-to-book can be of help to________wants to do the job.
19.After six hours’drive, they finallyreached______they thought was the place theyyhad been dreaming of.
20.It suddenly hit him______he had lefthis umbrella in the taxi on his way home.
21.—Was it______he said or all that hedid______let you down, Joan?
—No, not really.
22.That art center is______used to be afactory, ______millions of tractors were made.
23.My pen-friend, Peter, wrote to me, expressing the hope______he would come toBeijing to see the 2008 Olympic Games.
24.I still couldn’t understand______themachine would work, so I asked him to explainit to me.
25.The police finally got to______wasonce an old temple______the villagers used asa school.
26.“You can’t choose what life you willhave, ”said Tai Lihua, a deaf leading dancer, “but you can choose your attitude towards life.”And this is______I completely agree.
27.Actually, girls can be______they wantto be just like boys, whether it is a pilot, an astro-naut, or a general manager.
28.If you feel tired and sick of fatty foods, that is______you have to go to the hospital fora medical examination.
29.The award should be given to______makes great contributions to the film industry.
30.Jacob is always ready to offer a helpinghand and that’s______he has a good reputation.
31.—What impressed the interviewersmost?
—______he could speak three foreign lan-guages so fluently.
32.His writing is so confusing that it’s dif-ficult to make out_______it is that he is tryingto express.
33.I made a promise to myself_______this year, my first year in high school, would bedifferent.
34.The notice came around two in the after-noon_______the meeting would be postponed.
35.As many as five courses are provided, and you are free to choose_______suits youbest.
36.The last time we had great fun was______we were visiting the Water Park.
37.It is pretty well understood_______controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and outthe atmosphere today.
38.—I drove to Zhuhai for the air show lastweek.
—Is that_______you had a few days off?
(二) 语篇语法填空
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容 (1个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
(一) 单句语法填空
1.that。it是形式主语, 主语从句后置, 从句中不缺少成分, 陈述事实, 故用that引导。
2.what。what引导主语从句, 同时又在从句中作do的宾语。
3.how。根据句意可知, 你如何着装没有关系, 故填how引导主语从句。
4.Whether。根据句意可知空格处表示“是否”, 引导主语从句用whether, 不用if。
5.that;whether。“I don’t doubt”意为“我不怀疑”表示肯定意义, 故其后用that引导宾语从句, 陈述一件事实;“但是问题是否能快速解决取决于他的态度”, 故用whether引导主语从句。
6.what。介词in后接宾语从句, 从句中used to be后缺少表语, 故填what。
7.how。imagine后接宾语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知, 缺少表示方式的状语, 故填how。
8.who。forget后接宾语从句, 从句中使用了强调结构, 强调的是主语, 表示人, 故填who。
9.what。remains后接表语从句, 从句中used to be后缺少表语, 根据“modest and friend-ly”可知, 此处表示“……的样子”, 故填what。
10.what。what引导表语从句, 同时在从句中作regard的宾语。
11.that。that引导同位语从句, 用以解释、说明concern的内容。
12.what。根据句子结构可知, 空格处引导的是主语从句, 从句中缺少主语且指事物, 故填what。
13.how。动词tell之后为宾语从句, 根据意思和修饰形容词close可知, 应使用how。
14.where。根据“pointed to the hospital”可知是地点, 故表语从句要用where来引导。
15.what。is后接表语从句, tell是后接双宾语的动词, 故用what引导表语从句, 在从句中又充当tell的宾语。
16.when。was后面是表语从句, 从句中主干齐全。由句意可知表语从句表达时间, 因此使用when, 意为“……的时候”。
17.that。从句位于名词后, 是对名词belief的解释和说明, 故该空后是引导belief的同位语从句。从句中不缺任何句子成分, 陈述事实, 只能用that引导。
18.whoever。介词to后接宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 故用whoever引导宾语从句, 相当于anyone who。
19.what。动词reach后接宾语从句, theythought是插入语, 从句中缺少主语, 故填what。
20.that“。It suddenly hit sb.+that从句”是固定句式, 其中it作形式主语, 真正的主语是后面that引导的句子, 这样做的目的是为了避免头重脚轻。
21.what;that。这是一个强调结构与主语从句结合考查的题目。分析句子结构可知, 强调的是句子的主语, 主语从句中的动词said后缺少宾语, 故用what引导;第二空是构成强调结构的that。
22.what;where。is后接表语从句, 由于从句中缺少主语, 用what引导;第二空是非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词factory。由于factory在定语从句中作地点状语, 故用where引导。
23.that。名词hope后接同位语从句, 表示hope的内容, 且从句中不缺少任何成分, 陈述事实, 用that引导。
24.how。understand后接宾语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知表示方式, 应使用how引导宾语从句。
25.what;that/which。got to后接宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 故用what引导;第二空引导的是定语从句, 先行词temple在后面的定语从句中作动词used的宾语, 故使用关系代词that或which引导。
26.where。空格处引导表语从句, 并在从句中作地点状语, 故填where。此题不可填what, 因为agree是不及物动词, 其后没有宾语。
27.whatever。空格处引导表语从句, 并在从句中作be的表语。根据句意可知, 此处表示职业, 因此用whatever, 不用whoever。
28.when。空格处引导表语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知, 表示时间, 故填连接副词when。
29.whoever。介词to后接宾语从句, 且从句中缺少主语, 并且意思相当于anybody who, 故填whoever。
30.why。is后接表语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据意思可知, 此处表示原因, 故填why。
31.That。根据对话可知, 答语部分的句子相当于问句中的what, 作主语, 是主语从句。从句中主干齐全, 陈述了一个事实, 故用that引导。
32.what。分析句子结构和意义可知, 本题考查宾语从句和强调句。express后面缺少宾语, 故填what。
33.that。此处是that引导的同位语从句, 用来解释说明a promise的具体内容, 同时从句中不缺少成分, 且句意完整, 所以用that引导。
34.that。分析句子结构和成分可知, “______the meeting would be postponed”是notice的同位语从句, 解释说明notice的具体内容, 从句不缺少成分, 所以用that引导。
35.whichever。动词choose后接宾语从句, 从句中缺少主语, 表示在一定范围内选择某一个用whichever, 不能用whatever。
36.when。was后接表语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据句子意思可知, 此处表示时间, 故填when。
37.what。分析句子结构可知, it是形式主语, 后面是主语从句。主语从句中缺少主语, 故用what引导。
38.why。第二个句子是一般疑问句, 还原为陈述句后可以发现is后面接表语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据对话的语境可知此处表示原因, 故填why。
(二) 语篇语法填空
【文章大意】本文记叙了“我”在餐馆看到了一位穿着朴素的男士在吃完饭后用一张100万英镑付款的故事。
1.that/which。考查定语从句。从句在名词后, 修饰限制thing, 应用定语从句, 从句中缺主语, 指物, 故应填that或which。
2.who。考查宾语从句。动词knew后接宾语从句, 从句中缺少表语, 根据句意可知应填who。
3.why。考查宾语从句。动词wondered后接宾语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知表示原因, 故填why。
4.whether/if。考查宾语从句。动词doubted后接宾语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知表示“是否”的意思, 故填whether或if。
5.whether/if。考查宾语从句。动词asked后接宾语从句, 从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知表示“是否”的意思, 故填whether或if。
6.that。考查宾语从句。从句中不缺成分, 陈述事实, 故填that。
7.whether/if。考查宾语从句。动词asked后接双宾语, 从句中不缺成分, 结合句意可知有“是否”的意思, 故填whether或if。
8.what。考查主语从句。空格处的连词引导的从句作couldn’t be的主语, 从句中的动词showed缺少一个宾语, 指物, 故填what。
9.Why。考查主语从句。从句中主干齐全, 根据句意可知表示“原因”, 故填why。
★一：句首what式，引导主语从句，意义为：所------的事（人）
1 （08山东 23） __________ was most important to her, she told me, was her family.
A.ItB.ThisC.WhatD.As
2(08 福建 27)_________ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympics Games will take place in Beijing.A.ItB.What C. AsD. Which
3(07 福建35)It is none of your business _______ other people think about you. Believe yourself.
A. how B.what C. whichD. when
4(07全国Ⅱ17)_________ matters most in learning English is enough practice.
A. What B. WhyC.Where D. Which
5(06山东 27)__________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.
A.No matter whatB. No matte which C. WhateverD.Whichever
★二：Be动词后的what从句，引导表语从句，意义为：所------的事（人）
6 He isn’t _________ he used to be now.
A.thatB.how C. whatD.which
7(06全国Ⅰ23)See the flags on top of the building? Thatwas _______ we did this morning.
A. when B.which C. whereD.what
★三：介词后的what从句，引导宾语从句，意义为：所------的事（人
8 （08浙江6） Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from ________ their parents speak at home.
A.whatB. thatC. whichD. one
9(08重庆 25) People in Chongqing are proud of ________ they have achieved in the past ten years.A. that B.which C. whatD. how
10(07江苏 25) Choosing the right dictionary depends on ________ you want to use it for.
A. what B. whyC.how D.whether
11(07安徽 33) You can only be sure of ________ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something that you might get in the future.
A.thatB.what C. whichD. /
12(2005山东 26) The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ________ he thought was not enough.
A.whereB.how C. whatD. which
★四：动词后的what从句，引导宾语从句，意义为：所------的事（人
13（08北京30） The companies are working together to create ________ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.
A.whichB. thatC. whatD.who
14(08湖南 29) When asked _________they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved.
A. what B.why C. whomD. which
15(07天津 15) The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make __________ it is.
A.whatB.which C. howD. where
16(06全国Ⅱ16)--- What did your parents think about your decision?
--- They always let me do __________ I think I should.
A. when B.that C. howD.what
五：平时常见what如下习语，值得同学们熟悉，变通应用：
1.Ais to B what C is to D A之于B来说就如同C之于D一样
Air is to us what water is to fish.
2.what one is 一个人的为人
what one has一个人的财富
A man’s worth lies not so much in what he has as what he is.一个人的价值与其说在于他的财富，不如说在于他的为人。
3. what you call 所谓
what is called所谓
He is what is called a walking dictionary.他就是人们所谓的一本活字典。
4. what with A and( what with) B半因为-------半因为------
What by A and(what by) B半用--------半用------
What with the wind and what with the rain ,his return was put off.有风又有雨，他的回程受耽搁。
5. what is more而且
what is worse跟糟糕的是
【名词性从句的重难点】推荐阅读：
定语从句和名词性从句练习及答案09-13
高考名词性从句总复习09-10
名词性从句复习教学反思10-05
考研英语二名词性从句06-15
宾语从句的简化10-25
状语从句的省略规则05-01
英语从句中的省略06-08
定语从句中关系词的用法02-15
限制性定语从句的语法学习10-15
