enjoy的形容词和副词（共8篇）
一、同级比较的特殊点
在as ... as1结构中，若形容词作定语修饰单数可数名词，不定冠词a (an)应置于形容词和名词之间，不可放在形容词之前。例如：
她和你的父亲一样是个好老师。
[误] She is as a good teacher as your father.
[正] She is as good a teacher as your father.
二、比较级的特殊句型
1. “the + 比较级 + of the two”表示“两者中较……的一个”。例如：
Wang Gang2 is the taller of the two boys.
2. “比较级 + and + 比较级”表示“越来越……”，注意多音节形容词或副词用“more and more + 多音节形容词或副词原级”。例如：
The days are getting longer and longer.
English is becoming more and more important3.
3. “The + 比较级……， the + 比较级……”表示“越……越……”。例如：
The busier he is, the happier he feels.
三、最高级的特殊句型
1. “one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词”表示“最……之一”。例如：
China is one of the largest countries in the world.
2. “the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 单数可数名词”表示“第几……”。例如：
The Yellow River is the second longest river of China.
3. 当最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格修饰时，其前不加the;若两个最高级并列使用，后一个最高级前也可以不加the。例如：
He is our best friend.
Liu Fang4 is the youngest and shortest girl in our class.
四、级与级之间的转换
1. 原级与比较级转换的常见句型：
① not so (as) +单音节形容词或副词+ as → 单音节形容词或副词的反义词比较级 + than。例如：
Tom is not so(as) tall as John.
→ Tom is shorter than John.
② not so (as) + 多音节形容词或副词 + as → less5 + 多音节形容词或副词原级 + than。例如：
Tom is not so(as) careful as Mary.
→ Tom is less careful than Mary.
2. 比较级间的转换：常改变比较对象的位置并使用形容词或副词的反义词。例如：
John is younger6 than Bill7.
→ Bill is older than John.
Li Mei comes earlier than Ma Hong every day.
→ Ma Hong comes later8 than Li Mei every day.
3. 比较级转换为最高级的常见句型：
① 比较级+than + any other + 单数名词。例如：
Zhang Lei is taller than any other student in his class.
→ Zhang Lei is the tallest student in his class.
② 比较级 + than + the other + 复数名词。例如：
Mike is younger than the other boys in his class.
→ Mike is the youngest boy in his class.
③ 比较级 + than + anyone9 else。例如：
Mr Smith is fatter than anyone else in his office.
→ Mr Smith is the fattest in his office.
扩展：名词变复数变化规则综述
一、绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式，是在该词末尾加上后辍-s。
读音变化：结尾是清辅音读[s]，结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。
例：friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces
二、凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词，在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。
读音变化：统一加读[iz]。
例：bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes
三、以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y改变为i，再加-es。
读音变化：加读[z]。
例：candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories
四、以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。
读音变化：加读[z]。
例：tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes; bingo→bingoes
反例：silo→silos; piano→pianos(外来词); photo→photos; macro→macros(缩写词)
五、以-f或-fe结尾的名词，多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves，但有例外。
读音变化：尾音[f]改读[vz]。
例：knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves
反例：roof→roofs
六、以-us结尾的名词(多为外来词)，通常将-us改变为-i构成复数。
读音变化：尾音[Es]改读[ai]，其中[kEs]要改读为[sai]，[gEs]要改读为[dVai]。
例：fungus→fungi; abacus→abaci; focus→foci; cactus→cacti; cestus→cesti
七、以-is结尾的名词，通常将-is改变为-es。
读音变化：尾音[is]改读[i:z]。
例：axis→axes; basis→bases; naris→nares; hypothesis→hypotheses; restis→restes
八、以-ix结尾的名词，通常将-ix改变为-ices，但有例外。
读音变化：尾音[iks]改读[isi:z]。
例：matrix→matrices; directrix→directrices; calix→calices; appendix→appendices 反例：affix→affixes
九、以-um结尾的名词，将-um改变为-a。
读音变化：去掉鼻尾音[m]。
例：forum→fora; stadium→stadia; aquarium→aquaria; datum→data; vacuum→vacua
十、以-a结尾的名词，在该词末尾加上后辍-e。
读音变化：尾音[E]改读[i:]。
例：larva→larvae; formula→formulae; ala→alae; media→mediae; hydra→hydrae
十一、部分单词的复数形式不变。
读音变化：保持原音。
例：fish→fish; sheep→sheep; cattle→cattle; deer→deer; salmon1→salmon
十二、极少数单词，其复数形式没有任何规律。
读音变化：没有规律。
例：man→men; woman→women; child→children; person→people; ox→oxen
十三、一些单数词得加en才能变成复数词：
例：ox→oxen; child→children; brother→brethren
十四、一些单数词得改头换面一番,才能变成复数词
例：analysis→analyses分析; basis→bases基础; datum→data数据; foot→feet;
formula→formulae/formulas公式; goose→geese; louse→lice虱子; man→men
mouse→mice; medium→media/mediums媒介; memorandum→memoranda/memorandums备忘录;
parenthesis→parentheses 圆括号; phenomenon→phenomena现象; radius→radii 半径
tooth→teeth; woman→women
十五、有些名词是单数、复数不分的
例：deer; fish; cannon2; sheep; salmon 鲑鱼; trout3 鳟鱼
十六、一些名词虽分单数、复数，但出现次数多的总是单数词
例：abscence; clothing; film; help; furniture家具; machinery4机械; news; scenery风景; sugar;
traffic交通
十七、另一些名词则以复数词出现的机会较多
例：bellows风箱; clothes; police; shorts短裤; scissors剪刀; spectacles眼镜; shears6大剪刀
trousers长裤; wages工资
十八、compound nouns，这类复数词是以主要的名词来表示
例：daughter-in-law→daughters-in-law 媳妇; father-in-law→fathers-in-law岳父
man-of-war→men-of-war兵舰; maid-servant→maid-servants
step-son→step-sons晚子; son-in-law→sons-in-law
十九、若表达具体数目，要借助数量词
例：pair(对，双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
二十、另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，
例：goods货物，waters水域，fishes(各种)鱼
二十一、除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。
一、形容词和副词的基本用法
1. 形容词在句中一般作定语、表语、补语。 形容词用逗号与句子隔开,在句中作状语。
【考例1】As ______ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ...(2015年全国卷II)
解析:natural。形容词作定语修饰名词architects。
【考例2】Hans Zhang was(自豪的) of himself for not giving up.(2015年陕西卷)
解析:proud。be proud of“对……引以为豪”。形容词proud作was的表语。
【考例3】(shock), I took it from her automatically. She smiled and walked away.(2015年上海卷)
解析:Shocked。过去分词shocked用作形容词,在句中作状语。
2. 副词在句中主要作状语,修饰谓语动词或系表结构。
【考例1】Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people ...(2015年全国卷I)
解析:regularly。修饰动词arranges应用副词regularly。
【考例2】改错:How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried.(2015年全国II卷)
解析:terrible改为terribly。应用副词terribly修饰系表结构were worried。
【考例3】(lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day.(2015年广东卷)
解析:Luckily。luckily为副词,意为“幸运的是”。luckily在句中作状语,放在句首修饰整个句子。
【考例4】Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat( slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.(2015年全国II卷)
解析:slowly。用slow的副词形式slowly修饰动词短语give out。
二、形容词和副词的比较等级
1.平级比较
常用as...as, not as / so...as,as +形容词+ as 。注意区分下列固定结构: as long as “与…… 一样长”; as far as “与……一样远,就……而言”; as well as “与……一样好,既……又……”。
【考例】完成句子
没有哪项技术的发展像电子技术这样,对我们的社会、经济以及文化等诸多方面产生过如此重要的影响。
No other technological development has had ____as the growth of electronics on so many aspects of social, economic, and cultural development. (impact) ( 2014年湖北卷)
解析:as great an impact / such a great impact。本题考查as...as结构引导的同级比较。注意as...as结构中间的名词应该置于形容词之后。
2. 比较级
【考例1】While finding information is easier than ever, at the same time, researching has become____complex.(2015年湖南卷)
解析:more。根据上文中的“Research has become both simpler and more complex.”可知, 本空填more。
【考例2】The result is what amounts to a huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term “automatic shop” is far(appropriate).(2014年上海卷)
解析:more appropriate。自动售货机英语为huge outdoor vending machine,但是作者认为用术语“automatic shop”相比之下应是“较合适”,即用比较级形式。由于appropriate为多音节形容词,故前面加more。
【注1】用“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示 “越……,越……”。
【考例】The____(hard) you try to beat him, the more likely you will get hit. He controls you! (2014年辽宁卷)
解析:harder。本题考查“the + 比较级, the+比较级”结构。
【注2】“否定词+比较级”表达最高级。
【考例】翻译:没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了。(than)(2014年上海卷)
_______________________________________ _______________________________________
解析:There is nothing more exciting than being allowed to take part in the space travel program.
3. 最高级
【考例1】It was (nice) gift I'd ever received, and it was from a complete stranger.(2015年上海卷)
解析:the nicest。形容词最高级修饰的名词,其后常接含有完成时的定语从句。
【考例2】改错:My mum makes the better biscuits in the world...(2015年陕西卷)
解析:better改成best。名词biscuits后用in the world修饰,其前需要用最高级best修饰, 故把better改成best。
【考例3】完成句子
这部小说曾经是美国高中阅读最广泛的书。
This novel was once the____book in high schools in the United States. (read)(2014年湖北卷)
解析:most widely read。“阅读最广泛的书”,可译为the most widely read book。
三、倍数表达法
1. 倍数+as +形容词/ 副词的原级+as...
2. 倍数+形容词 / 副词的比较级+ than...
3. 倍数+ the +名词(如size, height, weight,length, width等)+of...
4. 倍数+as+ 形容词+ a / an+ 名词+as...
5. 倍数 +as many ( 或much ) +名词+ as...
6. 倍数 + what从句 / that of...
【考例1】It ’s said that the power plant is now____large as what it was.(2013年安徽卷)
A. twice asB. as twice
C. twice muchD. much twice
解析:A。根据空格后面的as判断,形容词large前面必须加as,倍数twice放在第一个as的前面。
【考例2】There are a small number of people involved, possibly____twenty.(2013年江西卷)
A. as few asB. as little as
C. as many as D. as much as
解析:A。题中people是可数名词,常用few或many修饰。
四、形容词和副词的顺序
1. 多个形容词修饰名词的排列顺序是考试常考的内容,大家应该记住下列口诀:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍出材料,作用类别往后靠。
【考例】It's a___clock, made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century.(2013年上海卷)
A. charming French small
B. French small charming
C. small French charming
D. charming small French
解析:D。选项中的charming属于描绘性的,small是大小,French是国籍。
2. 副词修饰形容词的特殊词序:so / as /how / that / too+形容词+a(an)+单数可数名词。
【考例】I make $2,000 a week, 60 surely won't make___difference to me.
A. that a bigB. a that big
C. big a that D. that big a
解析:D。副词that表示“那么……”修饰形容词big,相当于so及how的用法,即that(so /how) big a difference。
五、连接副词
副词起连接作用,使前后句构成某种逻辑上的衔接。常见的连接副词有therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover, thus, meanwhile等。
【考例1 】 Many of us were raised with the saying “ Waste not, want not. ” None of us,_____ , can completely avoid waste in our lives. ( 2014年福建卷)
解析:however。根据句意可知上下文之间是转折关系,所以使用副词however表示转折, 前后都需要使用逗号隔开。
【考例2】It's our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and,____,supply more jobs.(2014年安徽卷)
A. howeverB. anywhere
C. therefore D. otherwise
解析:C。本题中“we will play a greater role in the market place”与“supply more jobs”之间是因果关系,故选C。
六、表语形容词
active, afraid, alone, alive, alike, asleep,ashamed, awake, afloat, available, well, sorry, unable, worth, sure等表语形容词并非只能作表语,也可作补足语或后置定语。possible, impossible, probable, necessary, convenient, inconvenient等作表语时,常用it作主语,而不用“人” 作主语。likely既可用it作主语,也可用“人”作主语。
【考例1】—Can you lend me the book Gone with the Wind?
—Sorry. I returned it to the library just now.Maybe it is still___.
A. availableB. affordable
C. acceptable D. valuable
解析:A。根据下半句中的still可知用avail-able,而affordable“支付的起的”;acceptable“可接受的”;valuable“贵重的”均不符合题意。
【考例2】Would it befor you to pick me up at four o'clock and take me to the airport?
A. freeB. vacant
C. handyD. convenient
解析:D。it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式。根据句意可知选convenient意为 “方便的”。
七、形容词、副词词义辨析
1. 掌握形容词、副词的基本意义或固定搭配。
【考例1 】 Listening is thus an active, not a____ , behavior consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering. ( 2015年浙江卷)
A. considerate B. sensitive
C. reliable D. passive
解析:D。considerate“考虑周全的”;sensitive“敏感的”;reliable“可靠的”;passive“被动的”。根据not可知前后是反义表达,所以选D。
【考例2】The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and_____review of the case.(2015年江苏卷)
A. comprehensiveB. complicated
C. consciousD. crucial
解析:A。comprehensive“综合的,全面的, 有理解力的”;complicated“复杂的”;conscious “有意识的”;crucial“至关重要的”。根据题意可知选A。
【考例3 】 The girl used to be shy, but is ____getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself. ( 2015年湖北卷)
A. graduallyB. usually
C. previously D. merely
解析:A。gradually“逐渐地”;usually“通常,经常”;previously“以前”;merely“仅仅”。根据题意可知选A。
【考例4】They gave money to the old people's home eitheror through their companies.(2015年安徽卷)
A. legallyB. sincerely
C. personallyD. deliberately
解析:C。legally“合法地”;sincerely“真诚地”;personally“个人而言”;deliberately“故意地”。根据题意可知选C。
2. 掌握一些特殊的形容词、副词用法。如修饰population用large / small,修饰price用high / low,下大雨用It rained heavily或a heavy rain;连词though, since, in case也可用作副词。
【考例1】The school was moved out of down-town as the number of students had grown too___.
A. small B. few
C. 1arge D. many
解析:C。the number of“……的数量”,其后的形容词应为“大小”(large/small),不用“多少”(many / few)。
【考例2】Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun. Isn't it rather risky,_______ ?
A. thoughB. alsoC. eitherD. too
解析: A 。前后两句之间是转折关系。
八、强化训练
(一)改错。找出下列句子中的错误并改正。
1. Global warming has already become a very seriously problem.
2. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.
3. I thought the biscuits were really well.
4. On the left-hand side of the class, I could easy see the football field.
5. So really friendship should be able to stand all sorts of tests.
6. Nearly five years before, and with the help of our father, my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes(圣女果)in our back garden.
7. As a result, the plants are growing somewhere.
8. The fruits are small in size, but juicy and taste.
9. We are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!
10. Don't panic or get out of line, and try to remain quiet and calmly.
11. The teachers here are kind and helpfully.They are not only our teachers but also our friends.
12. Just then a bird was flying over us. My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows at the bird.
13. That is too much for us, considering how closely the houses are.
14. No one in the carriage had previous spoken to or even noticed the ticket-owner before.
15. I was taking a train to London's Victoria Station. I noticed that the carriage was noise and filled with people.
(二)完成句子。在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. Hardly had Sabrina finished her words when Albert said____(sharp),“Don't be so mean,”pointing a finger of warning at her.
2. After knocking___(polite) at the door, the applicant entered the office of the general manager.
3. It's much more____(benefit) to say something like,“I think we had...”
4. Team members want and think____(high) of these qualities in a group leader.
5. It's lightweight, it's flexible, and —_______ important — it holds its shape.
6. Although it costs more to produce_______a typical soccer ball, Jahnigen estimates the One World Football can last 30 years. So far, it’s been given to kids in 143 countries.
7.“That would be a very____(reason)thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like outs,”Nick said.
8.“But such a small thing couldn't _______(possible) destroy a village.”
9. I like it. Nothing could be _______(sweet).
10. A note is often a___way to“talk” with a child than using the telephone.
11. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is____(clean) than ever.
12. I cannot control my body well. My legs become___(pain)
13. It was____(bravery)of Mary to quit her job and start her own business.
14. Raymond’s parents wanted him to have____(good)possible education.
15. What was so____(impression) about Jasmine Westland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.
(三)短文填空。阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容( 1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
A
Habits, whether good or bad, are gradually formed. When a person does1certain thing again, he is driven by an unseen force to do the same thing2(repeat); then a habit is formed. Once a habit is formed , it is difficult, and sometimes3(possible) to get rid of. It is therefore very4( importance ) that we should pay great attention to the formation of the habits.
Children5form bad habits, some of which remain with them6long as they live. Laziness, lying, stealing and so on are all easily formed bad habits. However, there are many7habits formed in early life that are of great help. Many8( success ) men say much of their success has something to do with certain9( habit ) in early life like early rising and honesty. We should keep10from all the bad habits and try to form such good habits as will be good for ourselves and others.
B
This morning, my neighbor called me and asked me1(anxious), “ Are your dogs missing? ”
I was filled with2( nervous ) and immediately made a phone call to my wife, and then I replied with relief, “ No. They3(stay) at home. ” My neighbor is a sweet, kind and generous girl with4old -fashioned heart and spirit. She bakes cookies and shares them with neighbors. Today she found two small dogs walking down the street, so she brought them home.
I then suggested places5she could report the missing dogs. “ Most people wouldn't do anything about them, ” I said, “ Many cars and people passed by them this morning, ignoring them. You did the6( rightly ) thing. ” I went outside to look for someone who might
I went outside to look for someone who might be walking7the street, and I expected to hear the distant cry of someone calling the dogs' names.8no one did this.
If I were lost, I would hope someone would come looking for me. If I were crying alone, I9hope that someone would stop and wipe away my tears. Why10give a little love to dogs and other creatures?
参考答案与解析:
(一)改错
1. seriously改成serious 。 a very serious problem “一个很严重的问题”,修饰名词应用形容词serious 。
2. 去掉very 。他如此喜欢它以致于他快速地走进商 店 。 so...that... “ 如此……以致于……”。
3.well改成good。作表语用形容词,故well改成good 。
4. easy改成easily。修饰动词see ,应用副词easily。
5. really改成real。用形容词作前置定语, 修饰名词friendship 。
6. before改成ago 。 ago表示“从现在起的若干时间以前”意为“距今……以前”,需和过去时或过去进行时连用; before泛指“从过去起的若干时间以前”,意思是“距过去某时……以前”,常和完成时连用,这里谓语动词planted用的是过去式,故用ago 。
7. somewhere改成everywhere 。根据句意可知把somewhere (某地)改成everywhere (到处)。
8. taste改成tasty 。放在are后面,应该用形容词。 and是并列连词,连接前后两个形容词。
9. wonderfully改成wonderful 。 tomatoes是名词,应该用形容词修饰,副词常常修饰动词。
10. calmly改成calm 。 remain为系动词, 后接形容词作表语。
11. helpfully改成helpful 。考查形容词与副词。 and并列的是两个形容词作are的表语。
12. immediate改成immediately 。修饰动词jumped ,应用副词immediately 。
13. closely改成close。本句“ how close the houses are ”中的close本应该是在系动词are的后面,构成系表结构are close 。 closely是一个副词,副词通常不能和系动词连用构成系表结构。
14.previous改成previously 。本句中应该使用副词previously作状语,修饰谓语动词。形容词previous通常作为定语或者表语,不能作状语。
15. noise改成noisy 。本句中应该使用形容词noisy和系动词was构成系表结构,修饰车里当时的情况。同时noisy与后面的形容词短语filled with构成并列关系。
(二)完成句子
1. sharply 。根据句子结构可知应用sharp的副词形式sharply意为“严厉地,毫不客气地”。
2. politely。副词politely “礼貌地”,修饰动词knock 。
3. beneficial。根据句意和句子结构可知,本空应填benefit的形容词形式beneficial 。
4. highly。 think highly of意为“高度赞扬”。
5. most。 most important意为“ 最为重要 的”。
6. than。前面有more ,故填than 。
7. reasonable。应用形容词修饰名词thing 。
8. possibly。应用副词 修饰谓语 动词destroy 。
9. sweeter。否定词nothing后加比较 级sweeter表达肯定的最高级。
10. better。根据后面的than可知,空格处应填比较级。根据空格前冠词a判断,应填以辅音开头的形容词。根据句子的前后意思及逻辑关系,填good的比较级符合题意。
11. cleaner 。根据后面的比较连词than可知,这里应该用比较级,故填cleaner 。
12.painful 。此处为形容词作表语构成系表结构。
13. brave 。用形容词原形作表语。“ It is + 形容词 +of sb to do sth ”为固定句型。
14. the best。形容词最高级前加the是解题关键。
15. impressive。 impressive是形容词,意为 “印象深刻的”。
(三)短文填空
A
1. a。 a certain表示“某一”,后接可数名词单数。
2. repeatedly。副词repeatedly修饰谓语动词do 。
3. impossible。根据句意可知与difficult并列,只能用impossible。
4. important。作系动词is的表语,应用形容词important。
5. often 。孩子们经常养成坏习惯。
6. as。 as long as意为“同……一样长”。
7. other。有许多在人生早期形成的其他习惯。
8. successful。作名词men的定语,应用形容词successful修饰。
9. habits。形容词certain表示“某些”,其后接复数名词。
10. away。 keep away from意为“摆脱”。
B
1. anxiously 。根据下面 提到的“ Are your dogs missing? ”可知“焦急地”问我。
2. nervousness 。介词with后接名词,故填名词nervousnes s意为“紧张不安”。
3. are staying 。根据语境可知现在正在家里,故用现在进行时。
4. an 。根据句意及old fashioned heart可知填an 。
5. where 。分析句子结构可知,这里是定语从句,且从句中缺少状语,故填where 。
6. right。形容词right“正确的”,作定语,修饰名词thing 。
7. down / along 。 walk down / along the street意为“沿着大街走”。
8. But。根据前后句意可知,前后意思表达相反,应用转折词But 。
9. would 。如果我正在单独的哭泣,我会希望有人停下来,给我擦干眼泪。
一、原级
使用原级一般有两种情况：
1.当不进行比较时，在程度副词very, so, quite, too等后面的形容词或副词要用原级。例如：
This box is too heavy. 这个箱子太重了。
She speaks English very well. 她英语讲得很好。
2.在“as…as”或“not as/so…as”结构中，虽有比较的意思，但形容词或副词要用原形。例如：
This ruler is as long as that one. 这把尺子和那把尺子一样长。
Jim is not as/so tall as Tom. 吉姆不如汤姆高。
二、比较级
表示两者（人或事物）之间的比较时，一般要用比较级。
1.than前面的形容词或副词要用比较级。
You are taller than your brother. 你比你弟弟高。
He jumped higher than you. 他比你跳得高。
2.形容词或副词前有much, a lot, a little, far, still, even等词时，要用比较级。例如：
He studies even harder. 他学习更努力了。
You must come a little earlier tomorrow. 你明天必须早来一会儿。
This story is much more interesting than that one.
这个故事比那个有趣的多。
三、最高级
表示三者或三者以上的人或物比较时，要用最高级，其中有一个在某方面超过了其他几个。形容词最高级前要用定冠词the，副词前可不用the。最高级一般要与表示比较范围的介词in或of连用。of后面常接可数名词复数或all等代词，主语和of后的名词或代词属于同一个概念范畴；in后一般跟一个组织、单位、团体之类的集体名词，主语和in后面的名词不是同一概念范畴。例如：
She is the youngest of the students. 她是学生中年龄最小的。
She is the youngest in our class. 她是我们班里年龄最小的。
四、在使用比较等级时，要注意以下几点：
1.形容词的最高级前有了名词所有格或物主代词时，不再用定冠词the了。例如：
Jim is my best friend. 吉姆是我最好的朋友。
2.形容词的最高级作表语，且不与其他人或物相比较时，也不用定冠词the。例如：
Miss Gao is busiest on Friday. 高老师星期五最忙。
3.在比较级的句子中有“of the two”之类意义的词组时，比较级前要用定冠词the。例如：
Bill is the taller of the two boys.
比尔是两个男孩中个子较高的一个。
4.“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构表示“越是……就越……”的意思。例如：
The more,the better. 越多越好。
The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙就越感到高兴。
5.“比较级+and+比较级”结构表示“越来越……”。多音节词要用“more+and+more+原级”。例如：
He is running faster and faster. 他跑得越来越快。
The city is becoming more and more beautiful.
这个城市变得越来越美了。
6.在比较级中，当主语与其他人或物作比较时，要用other一词把主语自身排除在外，用形容词或副词的比较等级形式，表示的是最高级的含义。例如：
Tom is taller than any other boy in his class.
汤姆比他班里的任何男孩都高。
7.“Which(Who) is+形容词比较级，A or B?”表示“两个人或物中哪一个（谁）较……？”。例如：
Who is taller, Jim or Mike? 吉姆和迈克，谁个子较高？
8.“Which(Who) is+the+形容词最高级，A, B or C?”表示“三个人或物中哪一个（谁）最……？”。例如：
Which is the biggest, the sun, the moon or the earth?
太阳、月亮和地球，哪一个最大？
9.“Which(Who)+do/does+主语+谓语+副词比较级（最高级），A or B(A, B or C)？” 表示“两个（三个）中，……较（最）……？”。例如：
Which do you like better, apples or bananas?
苹果和香蕉你较喜欢哪一种？
10.“one of the+最高级+复数名词”表示“最……之一”的意思。例如：
Shanghai is one of the most beautiful cities in China.
上海是中国最美丽的城市之一。
练习：做一做相关中考题
1. An elephant is ____ than a tiger. (长沙市)
A. heavyB. very heavyC. the heaviestD. heavier
2. Lesson Ten is ____ than Lesson Nine. (哈尔滨市)
A. difficultB. more difficultC. difficulterD. very difficult
3. The bread is ____ than those cakes. (广西)
A. very delicious B. much delicious
C. more deliciousD. as delicious
4. Few of us like him because he thinks ____ of others than of himself.
（潍坊市）
A. much moreB. a littleC. muchD. much less
5. ——Mum, could you buy me a dress like this? (南京市)
——Certainly, we can buy ____ one than this, but ____ this.
A. a better, better than
B. a worse, as good as
C. a cheaper, as good as
D. a more important, not as good as
6. They have just cleaned the windows, so the room looks ____.
(河南省)
A. more brighterB. more brightC. less brightD. much brighter
7. In our city, it’s ____ in July, but it is even ____ in August. (天津市)
A. hotter, hottestB. hot, hotC. hotter, hotD. hot, hotter
8. Mary has three brothers. Smith is ____ of the three. (武汉市)
A. most tallB. the tallestC. taller
9. Who’s ____ in your class? (兰州市)
A. strongB. strongerC. strongestD. the strongest
10. ——What animal do you like ____?
——I like all kinds of animals.
(甘肃省)
A. betterB. bestC. veryD. well
11. Which subject is ____, physics or chemistry?(吉林省)
A. interestingB. most interesting
C. more interestingD. the most interesting
12. ——I will give you some nice picture books.
——Good. The ____, the ____.(厦门市)
A. more, betterB. many, betterC. most, bestD. much, better
13. Lin Tao jumped ____ in the long jump in the school sports meeting.(桂林市)
A. farB. fartherC. farthestD. quite far
14. The horse is old and cannot run ____ it did. (武汉市)
A. as faster asB. so fast thanC. as fast as
15. Of the two Australian students, Masha is ____ one. I think you can find her easily. (重庆市)
A. tallestB. the tallerC. tallerD. the tallest
周收入的差别是29.10 英镑。
There was a weekly dance on Wednesdays.
每周周三有舞会。
The weekly meetings were megalithic in proportion.
周会规模盛大。
He hosts a weekly two-hour advice strip.
他主持一个每周两小时的咨询节目。
The master kept a weekly journal.
Her health was declining rapidly.
她的健康状况迅速恶化。
Cigarettes carry a health warning.
香烟上标注着有害健康的.警告。
She radiates happiness and health.
她浑身洋溢着快乐与健康。
We all toasted his health.
我们大家为他的健康举杯祝酒。
His weight was harming his health.
关键词：“太” 中性形容词 语义特征 感情色彩
一、“太”后的中性形容词
云兴华（1994）曾指出：性质形容词，可构成“太”+形容词结构；状态形容词，不可以构成“太”+形容词结构。如，可以说“很高大”，却不可以说“很雪白”，这一点在语法研究界已基本达成共识。
对于“太”加中性形容词所产生的不同感情色彩，目前还没有一致的看法。陆俭明先生认为“太”加中性形容词，表示惋惜之义。但这只指出了部分中性形容词在程度副词“太”后的感情色彩，没有涵盖所有的中性形容词在“太”后的感情色彩取向。
本文认为，这些中性形容词可分成两类——不可控形容词与可控形容词，分别表示惋惜与斥责之义，在语义及句式上略有区别。
二、“太”后的中性形容词的特点分析
（一）语义特征
1.不可控形容词
这类词是指在主观上不能改变外界的状况，受“太”修饰后，由此产生惋惜的含义。
1）表示客观事物的性质、数量及属性等。这类词有：
大 小 高 低 长 短 粗 细 多 少 厚 薄 远 近 轻 重 咸 淡 快 慢 松 紧 软 硬 早 晚 死 活 弯 直 动 静 新 旧 亮 暗 冷 热 深 浅 圆 嫩 稀疏 破 集中 繁琐 名贵 短暂 微弱
2）表示人或环境的客观属性与特质，自然状态下无法使之改变。这类词有：
傻 厉害 粗糙 困难 简单 荒凉 潮湿 干燥 古老 年轻 复杂
3）表达人对环境的评价。这类词有：
奇怪 渺茫 离奇 可惜 诡异 新潮 平常
这些形容词多表示既定的事实，从认知语言学的角度看，人已经认识到其既定性与不可改变性，所以体现的感情只能是对既定事实的惋惜与后悔。这种对客观事物的评价具有滞后性。如：
（1）这汤太咸了，让人怎么喝呀？①
汤已做成，说话人只是对汤太咸这一既定事实表示不满。
（2）东北地区夏季雨水太集中。
描述东北地区的客观天气状况，并对雨水太集中的自然现象表示不满。
（3）好好的一个小伙子，说走就走了，真是太可惜了。
对说话人而言，小伙子不是说话人可控制的对象，他的离开是客观世界中不可改变的事实。所以，说话人只能表达自己的惋惜感受。
2.可控形容词
这类词是指通过人主观努力，可以使外界发生改变，含有斥责、不满的情绪。
1）对人的性格、举止的评价，可通过自身修养，改变习惯等加以控制或改变。这类词有：
忙 闲 饱 省 急 馋 野蛮 严格 冒失 深沉 调皮 过分 大意 敏感 客气 古怪
2）对事物的状态进行描述或评价，可以通过人们的行为使客观事物发生改变。这类词有：
悬殊 急促 寒酸 费事 辛苦 强烈 具体 夸张 无聊 可怕 乏味 困难
这些形容词多表示说话人主观的评价，含有较强的感情色彩。一般来说，是事情已经发生，但原本不该如此。在这种情况下，形容词前加上“太”，可以起凸显感情的作用。如：
（4）对语言污染不能太宽容。
表明说话人对语言污染的不满与斥责之义。
（5）老板觉得这狗日的也太大胆了，居然在他值班的时候睡觉。
他本不该睡觉的，这事也是他自己可以控制的，可在他值班的时候睡觉的事实已经发生，由此表达了说话人对他“竟然睡觉”的事实强烈的不满情绪。
（6）赵小鹰与吝啬的男人过日子，靠攒私房钱来还债是太困难了。
是说赵小鹰本不该过日子过得这么困难。
（二）不可控形容词的再分析（从反义义场角度）
1.极性反义词居多。如：
大小 高低 长短 粗细 多少 厚薄 远近 轻重 快慢 松紧 早晚 新旧 亮暗 冷热 深浅
受程度副词“太”修饰的中性形容词，体现感情的渐变，而非突变。极性反义词是有中间状态的词，符合“太+中性形容词”句式的感情表达需要。如“来得太晚不太好”，表达说话人希望对方能够早来的语气。
2.互补反义词较少。如：
死活 弯直 动静
一般来说，能受“太”修饰的这些互补反义词的感情色彩取向比极性反义词要浓厚。此外，一般用于“太×太×了”句式。如“这小姑娘实在是太静太静了，半天都没一句话。”“太×太×了”句式有利于强化说话人的不满情绪。同时，四字格符合汉语表达的节奏需要。
（三）从句式变换理论角度
1．“不太×了”：表示程度减缓，体现一种渐变。
在这个句式中，两类中性形容词都可以。如：“不太高”“不太敏感”。
无论是不可控形容词还是可控形容词，受“太”修饰后，感情得到极化。但若放在“不太×了”句式中，可起到舒缓语气的作用。
2.“太不×了”：表示程度极化。
可控形容词适合于该句式，如“太不敏感”；不可控形容词不适合于该句式，如“*太不高”。
可控形容词先加“不”，进行否定；再加“太”，强化感情，符合汉语表达的思维习惯。若是不可控形容词，尤其是在极性反义义场中的词，根据反义义场的理论，先加“不”进行否定，可直接转换为其反义词，“太不×了”句式显得多余而累赘。
三、结语
通过语义分析和句式变换理论，可以得出以下结论：加在程度副词“太”后的中性形容词分不可控形容词和可控形容词两类，前者表示惋惜之义，后者表示不满与斥责之义。
在上述不可控形容词与可控形容词的分类中，有一部分中性形容词无法明确归入哪一类，如“难受”“清楚”“讽刺”等。像“这什么味道啊？这么难闻，太难受了。”很难说是指味道本身难受还是说人的感觉难受，这两种含义是混在一起的，由于味道难闻导致人的感觉难受。对于这样的中性形容词，从可控与不可控的角度无法解决，可从认知语言学的角度加以研究。
注 释：
①本文语料来源：国家语委语料库。
参考文献：
[1]云兴华.太A了[J].山东师范大学学报（人文社会科学版），1994，（1）.
[2]陆俭明，沈阳.汉语和汉语研究十五讲[M].北京：北京大学出版社，2004.
[3]吕叔湘.现代汉语八百词[M].北京：商务印书馆，1980.
[4]王寅.认知语法概论[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，2006.
如：clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest.
2、以不发音e结尾的`单音节词，比较在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st;
如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest.
3、在重读闭音节(即：辅音+元音+辅音)中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est;
如：big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest.
4、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词， 把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est;
如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest.
历届高考题选 1 1.Some of the houses on the hillside are_____ to cars.A.inaccessible 2.Don’t be too _____ about things you are not supposed to know.A.strange 3.The new research team was led by the _____ engineer.A.main 4.It is a good way for us to memorize new words by seeing them _____.A.properly 5.Those T-shirts are usually $35 each, but today they have a _____price of $19 in the Shopping Center.A.regular 6.A person’s _____ body temperature is about 37℃.A.ordinary 7.B.impossible C.inconvenient D.inadequate
B.amusing C.curious D.conscious
B.major
C.chief
D.primary
B.repeatedly C.clearly
D.usually B.special
C.cheap
D.particular B.normal
C.common D.usual---Will Miss Wang attend our meeting tomorrow?---It will not be _____ so.A.commonly 8.His laziness at work made him _____with his workmates.A.distrusted 9.It’s always difficult being in a foreign country, _____ if you don’t speak the language.A.extremely 10.What he has done is far from _____.A.satisfactory 11.After the president made an official announcement, she expressed her _____ opinion.A.personal 12.Alice laid her baby on the sofa _____ and wrapped it with a blanket.A.silently 13.Fred is second to none in maths in our class, but believe it or not, he B.necessarily C.usually
D.extremely B.disliked C.unpopular D.unwelcome B.naturally C.basically D.especially B.satisfied C.satisfaction D.satisfy
B.private
C.single D.individual
B.tenderly
C.friendly D.comfortably _____ passed the last exam.A.easily 14.Our bodies are strengthened by taking exercise._____, our minds are developed by learning.A.Probably 15.I am surprised that you should have been fooled by such a(an)_____ trick.A.ordinary 16.I would be very _____if you could give me an early reply.A.pleasant 17.The lessons given by Mr.Smith are always _____ and interesting.A.lovingly 18.He left in such a hurry that I _____ had time to thank him.A.almost 19.While a person is asleep, a part of his brain is still _____.A.active
B.hardly
C.actually D.successfully B.Likely
C.Similarly D.Generally
B.easy
C.smart D.simple
B.grateful C.satisfied D.helpful
B.lovely
C.lively D.vividly
B.even
C.hardly D.nearly
B.alive
C.awake D.aware 1-5 ACCBB 6-10 BBCDA 11-15 ABBCD
历届高考题选 2 1.16-19 BCCA When you turn on the TV set, clear pictures will _____appear on the screen.A.rapidly 2.When climbing the hill John was knocked unconscious by an _____ rolling stone.A.untouched 3.Her son, to whom she was so _____, went abroad ten years ago.A.loved 4.I don’t think Peter is too young to take care of the peg dog _____.A.correctly 5.According to the new research gardening is a more _____ exercise for older women than jogging or swimming.A.mental 6.Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea._____, neither of them
B.hurriedly C.lately D.immediately B.unexpected C.unfamiliar D.unbelievable
B.cared
C.devoted D.affected B.properly C.exactly D.actively B.physical C.effective D.efficient could swim.A.In fact 7.The magazine is a(n)_____ number.You can take it out of the reading room.A.back 8.It is good for elderly people to be _____ involved in community service.A.honestly 9.All the people _____ at the party were his supporters.A.present 10.Sugar is not an important element in bread, but flour is _____.A.unique 11.The secret of his success is that he does everything _____.A.efficiently 12.The shopkeeper gave us _____ weight: we got 9 kilos instead of 10 kilos.A.scarce 13.B.Luckily C.Unfortunately D.Naturally
B.past
C.old
D.former B.patiently C.eagerly D.actively B.thankful C.interested D.important B.essential C.natural
D.adequate B.curiously C.anxiously D.sufficiently B.short
C.light
D.slight----You don’t look very _____.Are you ill?----No, I’m just a bit tired.A.good 14.In _____, the northerners are keen on dumplings while the southerners are fond of rice.A.common 15.According to the recent survey, cancer is the leading cause of death among young adults in this area, _____ women.A.apparently 16.The university claims that a(n)_____ international student requires $12000 to cover the cost of living in one academic year.A.single 17.My grandfather is as _____ as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing all day.A.enthusiastic 18.Broadly speaking, I would agree with Shirley, though not _____.A.widely
B.well
C.strong
D.healthy B.total
C.general D.particularly B.especially C.exactly
D.probably B.only
C.independent D.unique B.energetic C.talkative D.sensitive B.thoroughly C.entirely D.extensively 19.Those who change mobile phones frequently will pay a heavy price for being _____.A.graceful B.fashionable
C.particular
D.feasible 1-5 DBCBC 6-10 CADAB 11-15 ABBCB
1.16-19 ABCB
历届高考题选 3 Although I can walk about, there is still a _____pain in my leg.A.weak 2.Finnish President said Finland-China relations had progressed _____with fruitful cooperation in new and high-tech fields.A.peacefully 3.The elderly need special care in winter, as they are _____ to the sudden change of weather.A.sensitive 4.When we plan our vacation, mother often offers _____ suggestions.A.careful 5.In _____ Chinese culture, marriage decisions were often made by parents B.slight
C.tender
D.soft B.highly
C.quietly
D.smoothly B.sensible
C.flexible D.positive
B.practical C.effective D.acceptable for their children.A.traditional 6.Most people on this island are recreational fishers, and _____, fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time.A.accidentally 7.Mr.Smith used to smoke _____ but he has given it up.A.seriously 8.That his only son was killed in the air crash was a _____blow to the old man.A.heavy 9.I don’t care about the good salary offered by the company.What I need is a(n)_____ post.A.creating 10.The more frequently farmers use insecticides, the more _____ the insects will become to the chemicals.A.resistant 11.B.historic C.remote
D.initial B.purposefully C.obviously D.formally B.heavily C.badly
D.hardly
B.broad
C.plain
D.main
B.awarding C.challenging D.competing
B.available C.sensitive D.agreeable Studies show that many diseases such as SARS and AIDS are _____ from wildlife.A.especially 12.There was such a long queue for coffee at the interval that we _____ gave up.A.eventually 13.At times, worrying is a normal, _____ response to a difficult event or situation—a loved one being injured in an accident, for example.A.effective 14.If it is quite _____ to you, I will visit you next Tuesday.A.convenient 15.My mother always gets a bit _____ if we don’t arrive when we say we will.A.anxious 16.Small cars are _____ of fuel, so they have more appeal for consumers.A.free 17.B.originally C.magically D.visibly B.unfortunately C.generously D.purposefully
B.individual C.inevitable D.unfavorable B.fair
C.easy
D.comfortable
B.ashamed C.weak D.patient
B.short
C.typical
D.economical The performer was waving his stick in the street and it _____ missed the child standing nearby.A.narrowly 18.You can see the stars on a clear night, but in the daytime they are _____.A.unavoidable 19.I hope I will not be called on in class as I’m not yet _____ prepared.A.attentively B.readily
C.actively
D.adequately B.invisible
C.inaccessible
D.unavailable B.nearly
C.hardly
D.closely 1-5 BDABA 6-10 CBACA 11-15 BACAA
1.历届高考题选 4
16-19 DABD Fitness is important is sport, but of at least _____ importance are skills.A.fair 2.The committee is discussing the problem right now.It will _____ have been solved by the end of next week.A.eagerly 3.Letterboxes are much more _____ in the UK than in the US, where most people have a mailbox instead.A.common
B.reasonable C.equal
D.proper B.hopefully C.immediately D.gradually B.normal
C.ordinary D.usual 4.Green products are becoming more and more popular because they are environmentally _____.A.friendly 5.Although the country has had political independence for over a century, _____, it needs the support of its neighbors.A.naturally 6.The study surveyed 500 families and found the main _____ problem people suffered was tiredness, followed by loneliness and anxiety.A.domestic 7.Since Tom _____ downloaded a virus into his computer, he can not open the file now.8.John was dismissed last week because of his _____ attitudes towards his job.A.informal 9.A new _____ bus service to Tianjin Airport started to operate two months ago.B.various C.common D.changeable B.economically C.especially D.luckily B.public
C.psychological D.biological B.casual
C.determined D.earnest A.normal 10.B.usual
C.regular
D.common The final score of the basketball match was 93:94.We were only _____beaten.A.nearly 11.It is not socially _____ for parents to leave children unattended at that age.A.accessible 12.“Could we put off the meeting?” she asked.“_____,” he answered politely.“This is the only day everyone is available.” A.Not likely 13.This magazine is very _____ with young people, who like its content and style.A.familiar 14.She devoted herself _____ to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field.A.strongly 15.B.slightly C.narrowly D.lightly B.adorable C.adaptable D.acceptable B.Not exactly C.Not nearly D.Not really B.popular C.similar
D.particular B.extremely C.entirely D.freely He began to take political science _____ only when he left school.A.strictly 16.Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in B.truly
C.carefully
D.seriously temperature, thus creating a _____ environment.A.peaceful B.sensitive
C.common
1-5 CBAAB 6-10 CCBCC 11-15 DDBCD D
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